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Do Now:

Using your
understanding of earths
interior, write a short
paragraph about why it
would be impossible to
dig a hole to china.
Name at least 2
properties of earths
interior that make the
task impossible?
1000 degrees Celsius =
1832 degrees Fahrenheit
Peaches and Earth
(Think, Pair, Share)

If we compared earth to a
peach:
1. Which major layers
would the skin, flesh,
and pit represent?
C Skin
____ a. Mantle
A Flesh
____ b. Core
____
B Pit c. Crust

2. If this peach is the earth


how much of the peach do
you think weve been able
to dig through?
Aim
How do we know about the internal
structure of the earth?
Seismic Waves
1. Information about the earths interior is gathered indirectly from
Seismic waves and the paths they take.

2. What are Seismic Waves?


A wave of energy (vibration) inside the earth produced by an
earthquake.
They make the earth shake during an earthquake
Japan 2011
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7lPbCvwbhOg
Different Types of Earthquake Waves
Body Waves: Seismic waves
that move through the
interior of the earth.

Surface Waves: Seismic


Waves that travel across the
earths surface.
2 Types of Body Waves
1. P- Waves
Also called Primary Waves or
Compressional Waves
P waves travel through
Solids
Liquids
Gasses
2 Types of Body Waves
1. S- Waves
Also called Secondary Waves or
Shear Waves
S waves travel through
Solids only
Why?
Why can P Waves travel through solids, liquids and gasses?

Why can S Waves only travel through solids?


Which jar
represents a
Solid?
Liquid? Gas?

S L G
How do we know the outer core is liquid?
S-waves are Absorbed by the
outer core because the outer core
is liquid.

S- waves cant travel through a


liquid.

S-Waves P- Waves
What happens to P waves as they travel
through different layers of earths interior?
P- waves are Refracted (bent) as
they pass through different layers
of earths interior.
What is the Shadow Zone?
- Area on earth where no P or S
waves are received.

What causes the Shadow Zone?


- P waves are refracted by the
outer core and S waves are
absorbed by the outer core.
Do Now: (pd. 2)
- Use your notes and the options at the bottom of the table to fill in the
data about P- waves and S-waves.
Do Now: (pd. 3 and 8)
- Take out homework. Compare your data table to mine.
- In complete sentences, write down whats the problem with my data
table.
Wave Type Picture of Movement Summary of Wave Location Other Info
Movement

P-Waves
Can travel Also called
Compresses
through solids primary and
and expands
1. like a spring and liquids compressional
waves

S-Waves

Can only travel Also called


through solids secondary or
sheer waves
Aim: Whats causing the
continents to move?
Historical Introduction
Sea Floor Spreading & the Earths
Magnetic Field
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GyMLlLxbf
a4
During WWII
Maps of ocean
floor using
Sonar
Magnetometers

Harry Hess, a Captain during


WWII, gathered data while
cruising from battle to battle
Surprising Data
Deepest areas (trenches) were
close to the continents
Underwater mountain ranges ran
through every ocean
Each mid-ocean range had a
central valley running down the
middle (rift valley)
Dark blue deepest areas
Yellow shallowest areas
Surprising Data
Symmetrical patterns of magnetic reversals
centered on ocean ridges
The Earths Magnetic Field Reverses!

Reversals are recorded as iron-rich lava cools


Reversals occur every ~200,000 years
We havent had one for 700,000 years!
Reversals recorded in lava
flow
Age Discovery
Ocean crust is much younger than continental
crust
Youngest rocks are found closest to ocean
ridges
Data provides support for
Sea Floor Spreading
Lava erupts at mid-ocean ridges and cools,
creating new sea floor
Sea floor dives back under continental crust at
trenches (Subduction Zones)
Summarize:
Why does the ocean floor get older as you
move away from the mid-ocean ridges?

If new ocean floor is continuously being created


at the mid-ocean ridge why doesnt the earth
keep expanding?

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