Active Transport

Cells often have to move materials

against the concentration gradient

The movement of material across the cell

membrane against the concentration
gradient is called ACTIVE TRANSPORT
 Active Transport
uses energy (ATP)
moves molecules from a
region of low concentration
to a region of high
concentration.
active transport is
carried out by transport
proteins which are
imbedded in the cell
membrane.
Active Transport
Molecule to be
transported
Transport
Protein

Molecule being
transported
 Active Transport
Larger molecules and clumps of material can
also be transported across the cell membrane.

The transport of larger materials sometimes

results in changes in the shape of the cell
membrane.

Larger molecules are transported through 3

types: PUMPS, ENDOCYTOSIS, and
EXOCYTOSIS
 1.Active Transport Pumps

1. An ATP molecule breaks down into ADP, releasing a

phosphate group and a whole lot of energy.
2. The phosphate group attaches to a protein pump,
causing it to change its shape so that it can move a
small molecule or ion across the plasma membrane.
3. The protein changes shape again so that the molecule
can be released on the other side.

There are many types of carrier proteins and they only

carry specific molecules across the plasma membrane.
Example of active transport:
sodium-potassium pump in nerve cells
Sodium ions are kept at low
concentrations inside the cell
and potassium ions are at
higher concentrations.
Outside the cell, it is the
opposite. When a nerve
message is sent, the ions
pass across the membrane to
send the message. After the
message has passed, the ions
must be actively transported
back to their starting
positions across the
membrane.

Source:
www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/enger/student/olc/art_quizzes/gen
biomedia/0645.jpg

S-B-7-3_Active Transport PPT

 2.Endocytosis
Endocytosis
When a cell actively takes
large molecules into itself
by folding the plasma
membrane inward, forming
a vesicle

Part of the cell

membrane wraps
around the
particle and engulfs
it.
 Types of Endocytosis
Phagocytosis:
particles
taken into cell

Pinocytosis:
liquid taken
into the cell
 3.Exocytosis
Exocytosis
Movement of large
materials out of the
cell.
Vesicles form
around a particle.
The vesicles combine
with the cell
membrane.
The particle is
expelled from the
cell.