DISASTER MANAGEMENT

BYE LAWS IN CONTEXT TO DIFFERENT REGIONS TO CONTROL

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

SUBMITTED BY :
PRINCE KUMAR (13BAR1050)
GOURAV GUPTA (13BAR1018)

University Institute of Architecture

BYE-LAWS IN HILLY REGION
BYE-LAWS IN PLAIN REGION
BYE-LAWS IN DRY REGION
BYE-LAWS IN COSTAL REGION
 INTRODUCTION

The growth of civilization has also resulted in more and more laws, regulations, and
restrictions and of course their violations as well.
There are laws and laws, all around such as constitutional, civic laws, traffic laws,
marriage laws, financial laws, personal laws etc.
While some of the laws are essential for the humanity, there are other which held on
the proper and planned growth of civilization in general
Knowledge, have developed lot of conveniences for their proper living.
Human beings no longer have to roam around for proper shelter but live in better
planned and construction of such houses, same basic rules and regulations which
may be termed as building Byelaws are absolutely necessary.

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 DEFINITION
Building Bye laws are the rules and regulations set forth by the concerned
government authorities and updated time to time. These regulations guides us
about what to construct, how and where.
All the government and non government authorities work according to the building
by laws applicable in there locale. Any building plan submitted to the authorities
which does not adhere to the building by laws of the authority concerned is not
passed. Compliance to them is mandatory by law whereas non compliance is
punishable.
As these rules and regulations apply to all, it helps to bring about a more uniform
development.

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 OBJECTIVES OF BYE-LAWS

To make it easier to pre-plan the building activities.

Gives guidelines to the designing Architect or engineer.
Prevents haphazard development without any resemblance to the
development of the area as a whole.
Gives safety (to humans who work & most importantly live in the buildings)
against fire, noise, health hazard, structural failure (may be due to natural
calamity).

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 IMPORTANCE
Building by laws are made to ensure orderly development of localities in urban
areas so that every houses is assured of good ventilation and no building affects the
lighting and ventilation of neighbours.
There has to be laws or regulations binding on the prospective builders, if not, the
building constructed will be:
1. Un-scientific
2. Unhealthy Inconvenient for the people to occupy.
Even a jungle in a planned way will be aesthetically satisfying the needs of the
occupants and to enable them to stay or live in a healthy environment.
The buildings should not be constructed merely with profit motive without paying any
attention to the health and comfort of the in-habitants.
The buildings must get sufficient sunshine, air and ventilation .
Open spaces should be well planned.
The buildings should create better environment.
The buildings should be located in healthy surroundings and should have an
aesthetic appearance.
But to achieve all this, there has to be a suitable regulations or what are know as
model building bye-laws, enforced strictly by the authorities, and followed by the
builders honestly and truthfully.

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 WHO FRAMES THESE BY LAWS
These buildings Bye Laws Are Drawn Up By A Panel Experts In Various
Branches Of The Building Industry Such As:
Town Planning
Architecture
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Air-conditioning
Fire-fighting and administration etc.
Theses building bye-laws when formulated are enforced on all buildings
whether constructed by government, local bodies, private persons or
agencies

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 Building by laws may contain regulations related to

1.FA.R and Ground Coverage.

2.Density.
3.Setbacks and Projections.
4.Basements and Parking Spaces.
5.Area and area usages.
6.Atrium and ornamental structures.
7. Building height and other Service Spaces.
8. Site Design and service design( sewerage ,water and electrical design)
and many more

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 For Residential building or Group housing buildings the rules entail
details such as :
width of a setback,
percentage of Greens,
Built up percentage,
distance between two buildings,
height of buildings,
mandatory services requirements,
distance from high tension electrical lines and many more.

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 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF BUILDING
BYE- LAWS
1. The building bye-laws should be reasonably rigid and adequately flexible as they have to
be sometimes revised according the improvements affected in science and engineering
and as per peculiar circumstances existing at the time. Minimum standards should be
properly laid down and they should be strictly made to be adhered to by all concerned.
2. Minimum floor space and cubic space per member should be insisted upon.
3. The size of any room should not be less than a specified minimum.
4. Taking into consideration the number of inmates in the building the minimum window space
and sanitary conveniences should be insisted upon. At least one window of the specified
size/area should be provided in each room to open either on a street or open yard.
5. The room should receive direct light and air from exterior open space on at least two sides
to satisfy ideal conditions of air circulation.
6. There should be some healthy relations between the cubic contents of the room building
and open spaces around. The width and extent of the open space depends upon the height
of the structure.
7. The height of the building is fixed as per the zone in which it is built. The width of the street
should never be exceeded by the height of the building there.
8. The openings admitting light and air should bear a prescribed ratio to the floor space.

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 The set backs should be correctly followed:
1. The minimum distance between individual
buildings should be rigidly controlled.
2. Necessary water supply and sanitary
connections should be made to every unit.
3. There should be uniformity as regards drainage
connections, water supply, gas and electricity.
4. The buildings should have adequate fire-
fighting arrangements if over 69 ft. In height.
5. In fact, it is essential that there should be
control over the user of the buildings and
control over the materials and construction of
the building.
Floor Area Ratio As a formula:
Floor Area Ratio = (Total covered area on all
floors of all buildings on a certain plot) / (Area
of the plot)
The Floor Area Ratio (FAR) or Floor Space Index
(FSI) is the ratio of the total floor area of buildings
on a certain location to the size of the land of that
location, or the limit imposed on such a ratio.

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 Architectural Need
It defines the areas of varying densities for use. For
example ZONING ORDINANCES describes:
Min. parking lot size
Maximum building height
Yard requirement
Other structures on the property

SETBACKS (called as BUILDING LINE)

Roads can be widened due to presence of
setbacks.
Constructs one line parallel to axis of road,
resulting in improvement of road.
Results in better condition of air, light & ventilation
of building.
Reduces danger of fire.
setback setback
Reduces danger of building collapse with each
other.

building building

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 If no setbacks then?? S
r Plot Site
Intersections of roads increases without Minimu Height F.
. Area cov
setbacks. m front permi R.
N (sq. erag
set back ssible R.
If no setbacks then invisibility along along o yds.) e
.
road or street.
Upto
Increases danger of accidents. 1:
100
1 80% 5'-0" 38'-6" 2.
sq.
It will lack the parking spaces as a chaos has 00
yds.
been prevailing.
Above 1:
2 100 to 75% 6'-0" 38'-6" 1'.
NOTE : Width of set back varies from 1mts to 1.50mts for congested areas 150" 90
& 4.50mts to 6mts for new underdeveloped areas Above 1:
3 150 to 70% 7'-0" 38'-6" 1.
The width of front set back shall be regulated as per 200" 75
provisions indicated in respect of residential, commercial and Above 1:
industrial buildings and also in accordance with the 4 200 to 65% 10'-0" 38'-6" 1.
300" 65
provisions of ground coverage and F .A.R. restrictions in
Above 1:
respect of group housing, institutional and other public 5 300 to 60% 15'-0" 38'-6" 1.
buildings. 500" 50
1:
Above
The side set backs shall be optional. Where left it shall not 6
500"
50% 20'-0" 38'-6" 1.
be less than 2 metres or 1/6th of the height of the building 25

whichever is more.

The width of the rear set back, if left at any point of

building, it shall not be less than 3 metres or 1/5th of the
height of the building whichever is more.
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 HEIGHT PLANE SETBACK
In GANTAL areas (city) construction on full
area with margins on any side is allowed.
It must be checked that the height of building
doesnt obstruct the light & ventilation of
property on other side of the road.
If the height of the building is greater than
15.25mts then lift is a must.
Balconies & overhangs on roads are allowed
upto .75mts provided that the height is not
less than 3.5mts.
thus it gives clear height to the passerby to
pass with clear margins. 63 DEGREES
Min area of a room is 9.5mtsq; with no side Minimum Site Maximu Maximum
less than 2.5mts & the height shouldnt be Plot size coverage m F.A.R. Height
less than 2.9mts.. 59'-6"
1000 sq.
Not (excluding
The height of buildings for residential, group yds.
exceedin 1 :2.00 parapet water
housing, commercial, industrial, institutional (minimum
g 50% tank, &
size)
and other public purposes shall be regulated mumty, etc.)
as per the permissible height and F.A.R. 70'-6"
restrictions indicated for such like buildings in Above 100 Not (excluding
sq. yds. exceedin 1 :2.00 parapet water
the bye-laws besides the Air funnel height plots g 50% tank, &
resides the Air funnel height restrictions mumty, etc.)
applicable in the area, if any.
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 Planning at urban level

If the individual blocks are constructed as per

regulations of byelaws results in a unique & a
planned area.
The distance between buildings come under
the zoning area at urban level.
For example, as we had done in our design
problem of CBD, we had placed proper
calculated distances. So as to avoid the
building collapse with each other in any natural
disaster calamity.
We also plan spaces at distances to prevent
fire spread.
Variety if not treated can result into chaos
hence if byelaws are followed like road widths,
setbacks, projections a unified effect can be
created.
In the absence of byelaws a chaos is
created. As a result the place will not be safer
to live in.

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 FRAMEWORK OF INDIAN GOVT. AFTER BHUJ
EARTHQUAKE

The Bhuj earthquake accounted for 13805 deaths

The Government (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961 were accordingly
amended in February, 2002.
The actual transfer of work took place in June, 2002

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FRAMEWORK
OF INDIAN
GOVT. AFTER
BHUJ
EARTHQUAKE

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 SOME INDIAN CODES FRAMED FOR
REFERENCE OF BYLAWS FOR DISASTERS
For Cyclone/Wind Storm Protection
IS 875 (3):1987 "Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake) for Buildings
and Structures, Part 3, Wind Loads"
Guidelines (Based on IS 875 (3)-1987) for improving the Cyclonic Resistance of Low rise
houses and other building.
For Earthquake Protection
IS: 1893 (Part 1)-2002 "Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures (Fifth
Revision)"
IS:13920-1993 "Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to
Seismic Forces - Code of Practice"
IS:4326-2013 "Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction of Buildings - Code of
Practice (Second Revision)"
IS:13828-1993 "Improving Earthquake Resistance of Low Strength Masonry
Buildings - Guidelines"
IS:13827:1993 "Improving Earthquake Resistance of Earthen BuildingsGuidelines"
IS:13935-2009 "Seismic Evaluation, Repair and Seismic Strengthening of Buildings -
Guidelines
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 SOME INDIAN CODES FRAMED FOR
REFERENCE OF BYLAWS FOR DISASTERS

For Protection of Landslide Hazard

IS 14458 (Part 1): 1998 Guidelines for retaining wall for hill area: Part 1 Selection of
type of wall.
IS 14458 (Part 2): 1997 Guidelines for retaining wall for hill area: Part 2 Design of
retaining/breast walls
IS 14458 (Part 3): 1998 Guidelines for retaining wall for hill area: Part 3
Construction of dry stone walls
IS 14496 (Part 2): 1998 Guidelines for preparation of landslide Hazard zonation
maps in mountainous terrains: Part 2 Macro-zonation.

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 THANK YOU !!!

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