TCP/IP

OSI TCP/IP

OSI TCP/IP

 OSI TCP/IP


: 1 65535



: 192.168.1.3:80


: 1-1024
80 HTTP (Web)
25 SMTP ( )
53 DNS
67,68 DHCP
root/
: 1025-49151
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
: 49151-65535


IP-

Web-
IP: 192.168.1.2 IP: 192.168.1.100

50298
80

50302


,


:


:



HTTP SMTP DNS FTP

TCP UDP

IP ICMP

ARP DHCP

Ethernet Wi-Fi DSL
 TCP/IP

TCP/UDP

1 2


,
:
TCP
UDP
:

 UDP
TCP/IP
 UDP..

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

UDP

UDP:



IP

 UDP

16 16

16 16
UDP UDP

UDP:
8 ( )
65 515 (
IP-)
 UDP

UDP





-
-
 UDP

DNS
IP-
www.cisco.com 184.86.0.170
UDP, 53
 UDP:DNS

DNS DNS

IP www.cisco.com?

184.86.0.170
 UDP:DNS

DNS DNS

IP www.cisco.com?

IP www.cisco.com?

184.86.0.170
 UDP.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

OSI



, TCP

-
-
 TCP
TCP/IP
 TCP

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

TCP
(reliable byte stream)
TCP:


 TCP

0 1024 2048 3072

TCP:


:
(Wi-Fi, )
(TCP, )
 .

, 0

, 1024
(Acknowledgment, ACK)

, 1024


, 0

, 0

, 1024
(Acknowledgment, ACK)


, 0

, 1024
(Acknowledgment, ACK)

, 0
 .

:



(Selective
Acknowledgment, SACK):


TCP ()


(flow control):



1000 ( 2459)

ACK, 2460, 10220

ACK, 8300, 4380



ACK, 12680, 0


ACK, 12680, 0

Zero Window Probe



(congestion control) TCP:

,

:
,
,

 .

TCP

,

TCP (TCP global
synchronization)
,





 .

,




: Compound TCP Microsoft
 .

 .


,









,


TCP:



( ):
SYN
SYN + ACK
ACK
:
FIN
RST
, UDP


SYN, 7537

SYN, 36829, ACK 7538

7538, ACK 36830

FIN RST

ACK

FIN

ACK
 TCP
32

C E U A P R S F
- N W C R C S S Y I
S R E G K H T N N

( )

( )

(Maximum
Segment Size, MSS)

-
1 ,

(Selective
Acknowledgment, SACK)