Conjunctions

Conjunction (kata sambung) adalah kata

yang digunakan untuk
menghubungkan/menggabungkan kata
dengan kata yang lain, phrase dengan
phrase yang lain, atau clause dengan
clause yang lain.
3 tipe conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions,
correlative conjunctions, dan subordinating
conjunctions

1. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Conjuctions ini digunakan untuk
menggabungkan kata dengan kata yang lain,
menggabungkan phrase dengan phrase yang lain,
atau kalimat dengan kalimat yang lain (kalimat
sederajat).
Coordinating conjunctions yg umum
digunakan, yaitu: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
Contoh:
1. The boy keeps the lights on, for he is afraid of sleeping in
the dark. (Anak itu membiarkan lampunya menyala karena
dia takut tidur dalam keadaan gelap).
2. He has one good dictionary and at least 3 good English
books. (Dia punya 1 kamus bagus dan paling tidak 3 buku
bahasa Inggris bagus).
3. She is a vegetarian. She will not eat beef, nor will she eat
chicken. (Dia seorang vegetarian. Dia tidak akan makan
daging sapi, dia juga tidak akan makan daging ayam).
4. She is cute but evil. (Dia cantik tapi jahat).
5. Do you want to go with me or to stay home? (Apakah kamu
mau ikut saya atau tinggal di rumah?).
6. I didnt study, yet I passed the exam. (Saya tidak belajar,
tetapi saya lulus).
7. My dad was very tired, so he went to bed earlier. (Papa saya
sangat capek, oleh karena itu dia pergi tidur lebih awal).
2. PAIRED CONJUNCTIONS
(CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS)

Conjunctions ini juga menggabungkan element-

element kalimat seperti di atas. Perbedaanya adalah
selalu digunakan secara berpasangan.
Paired conjunctions yg umum digunakan, yaitu:
both..and
either..or
not only..but also
neither..nor
Contoh:

1. Both my sister and my brother can play the

guitar.

2. He is not only handsome but also smart

3. Either the students or the teacher is going to go

to the museum tomorrow

4. Neither John, Sussie nor I have a good studying

habit
 3. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Kata-kata yang dapat digunakan untuk

membentuk adverbial clause (yang umumnya
merupakan subordinate clause (anak kalimat)) dari
kalimat pokok (main clause).
Conjunction ini dikelompokkan menjadi 5,yaitu :
menyatakan waktu (time)
sebab akibat (cause and effect)
makna berlawanan (opposition)
tujuan (purpose)
pengandaian (conditional)
 A. Conjunction yang menyatakan Waktu (Time)
after (setelah) as long as (sepanjang)
till (hingga/sampai) the next time (kali
the first time (pertama berikut)
kali) as (sementara)
before (sebelum) so long as (sepanjang)
as soon as (segera by the time, since (sejak)
setelah) whenever (setiap kali)
the second time (kedua until (hingga/sampai)
kali) every time (setiap kali)
when (ketika)
once (segera setelah)
the last time (terakhir
kali)
while (sementara)
Contoh:
1. We will play football after we finish doing the homework.
2. Before they got married last month, they had been seeing each
other for almost ten years.
3. When I got home last night, someone was trying to break into
my house.
4. A friend of mine felt asleep on his desk while the teacher was
teaching.
5. She has turned into a different person since she became a
famous artist.
6. I will keep studying hard until the final exam is over next week.
7. We will leave as soon as the rain stops.
8. As long as I live, I will never see your fucking ugly face again.
9. Whenever I look at her picture, my heart beats fast.
10. The first time we went to Bali, we went to Tanah Lot.
11. The next time I play you, I will kick your ass.
B. Conjunction yang menyatakan Sebab Akibat
(Cause-Effect)

because (karena) now that (karena

inasmuch as sekarang)
(karena) such that
so that (sehingga)
(sehingga) as (karena)
since (karena)
Contoh:

1. He got an accident because he drove while he was drunk.

2. I passed that course easily since the questions were very easy.

3. Now that the semester is finished, I am going to rest for a few days
and then take a trip to Bali.

4. As she had nothing to do, she asked me to come over to her house.

5. Inasmuch as the two countries leaders didnt reach an agreement,

the possibility of war between the two countries remains open.

6. The coffee is so hot that I cant drink it.

7. He has such a nice body that a lot of girls are attracted to him.
C. Conjunction yang menyatakan makna
berlawanan (opposition)
although (walaupun) whereas (sedangkan)
even though no matter (tidak
(walaupun) memandang)
while (sedangkan)
though (walaupun)

Contoh:

1. Although he is not tall, he is a very good volleyball

player.
2. Jenny is rich, whereas Joni is poor.
3. No matter how hard I tried, the math problems
couldnt be solved.
D. Conjunction yang menyatakan Tujuan
(Purpose)
in order to (agar)
in order (that) (agar)
so that (agar)
Contoh:

1. During the class, we need to be quiet in order to be

able to listen to what the teacher says.
2. I turned off the TV so that my roommate could study
well.
3. I turned off the TV in order (that) my roommate
could study well.
4. They keep practicing their English in order (that)
their English improves steadily
 E. Conjunction yang menyatakan Pengandaian
(Conditional)
if (jika) providing (that) = if
whether or not or only if
in case (that) (jika) only if (hanya jika)
unless (jika tidak) in the event (that)
even if (walaupun provided (that) = if
Contoh: jika) or only if

1. If my parents were not home, I would invite my friends to come

over
2. I will go unless it rains
3. I dont care no more whether or not you want to study
4. I have decided to marry her. Even if my parents disagree, I am
going to marry her
5. Ill be in the library in case you want to find me.
6. The general election will go to the second round only if no
candidate gets 50% + 1 votes during the first round
 Kamus ( Dictionary )
and : dan in order to : agar, supaya
but : tetapi in order that : agar, supaya
or : atau beside : di samping itu
because : karena in addition : sebagai tambahan
as, since, for : sebab moreover : lagi pula
hence : karena itu furthermore : lagi pula
therefore : oleh sebab itu otherwise : jika tidak
consequently : akibatnya unless : kecuali jika
eventhough : walaupun not only but also ... : tidak
although : walaupun hanya ... tetapi juga
despite : meskipun both and : baik maupun
inspite of : meskipun (keduanya)
yet : namun either or : baik maupun
nevertheless : namun
demikian neither nor : baik
however : akan tetapi maupun tidak