Saptarshi Bandyopadhyay

Project Manager and System Engineer

Pratham, IIT Bombay
12th March, 2010
Student satellite The Idea!
Aim - To develop a satellite in
1. MINI SPUTNIK
a time frame of 2-3 years
2. ASUSAT
be of low cost 3. NCUBE
low mass (< 10kgs) 4. SSETI
launch it into orbit 5. AAU Cubesat
6. SNOE
COTS instruments to reduce
7. ICARUS
costs 8. CATSAT
Success of mission attached to 9. DTUSAT
process of learning, not just 10. MEROPE
11. COMPASS
final output
12. SEEDS
 Grand Plan for
IIT Bombay Student Satellite Project
Make IIT Bombay a respected center for
advancement in Satellite and Space Technology in
the world

Launch at least 5 satellites within the next few years

Satellites as test-beds for new technology that is

being developed in the institute and need space
qualification
Mission Statement for Pratham

Acquiring knowledge
in Satellite and Space Technology.
Have the Satellite entirely designed
by the student body of IIT Bombay.
Have the Satellite launched; measure TEC
of the Ionosphere above IITB.
Involve students from other universities
in our Satellite project.
 Success Criteria

Mission
Description Success
Flight Model ready 50%
Beacon Signal received 60%
Communication link established 70%
TEC measurements at IITB 80%
Satellite functional for 4 months 100%
 Vital Statistics of Pratham
Weight ~ 10 kgs
Size 260mm X 260mm X 260mm
LVI from VSSC
Solar panels on 4 sides
Orbit 10:30 polar
sun-synchronous, 817km altitude
3 pre-deployed monopoles
Downlink at 2 frequencies
(145MHz and 437MHz)
No tele-command, fully autonomous
4 months mission life
Team Size: 38
Departments:
Aero PRATHAM Integration Team
Chem
Civil
CS
Elec Quality Team
EP Core Group
Mech (10 members)
PR Team

Structure
OBC Power

Comm
Thermal
Payload Control Mechanism
 Technical Mentors
Prof K. Sudhakar (Aero)
Prof P. M. Mujumdar (Aero)
Prof H. Arya (Aero)
Prof H. B. Hablani (Aero)
Prof S. P. Bhat (Aero)
Prof K. Chatterjee (Elec)
Prof B. G. Fernandes (Elec)
Prof K. N. Iyer (Mech)
Dr K P Ray (SAMEER)
Prof Madhu N. Belur (Elec)
Prof Krithi Ramamritham
(CS)
Prof R. K. Pant (Aero)
Prof K. K. Isaac (Mech)
Prof U. N. Gaitonde (Mech)
Prof R. K. Shevgaonkar (Elec)
Prof R. N. Banavar (Syscon)
Prof D. K. Sharma (Elec)
Prof R. P. Shimpi (Aero)
Prof Girish Kumar (Elec)
Prof Kavi Arya (CS)
Prof B Bandyopadhyay
(Syscon)
 Timeline
Period Description
Aug 07 Concept feasibility proved to the
Aerospace Department
Sep 07 Apr 08 Requirements Capture Phase finished.
TEC chosen as Payload.
May 08 Jul 08 Conceptual Design Phase finished.
Aug 08 Apr 09 Preliminary Design Phase finished.
29th Sept, 09 Signed of the MoU with ISRO!
May 09 Apr 10 Detailed Design Phase
May 10 launch Flight Testing phase
 Payload
Total Electron Count - Ionosphere
TEC map above Ground Station
Ionosphere Tomography
Method used - Faraday rotation

Social Goal
Ground station workshops
11 participating universities
MHRD Virtual Experiments
Collaboration with IPGP,
France
TEC Coverage over the World
Communication and
Ground Station
Low bit rate Beacon (145MHz)
High bit rate (1.2kbps) Monopole for
downlink of data (437MHz)
NO telecommand
Linearly polarized radio signals
2 crossed yagis at ground stations to receive
data and measure their polarization
Low cost ground stations for other
universities
(approx INR 25000/-)
Kill Switch (Uplink) added to satisfy
IARUs constraint for getting license
Attitude Determination and Control
Goal
Control law
Stabilize the satellite after
Linear controller
deployment
Kalman Filter for sensor fusion
Maintain 3 axis attitude
Stability Analysis
stabilization of the satellite
Robustness Analysis
Sensors
Manufacturing accuracies
GPS (1)
needed
Single axis sun sensor (6)
Estimator and Controller
Magnetometer (1)
fully functional
Actuators
Monte Carlo simulations
Magnetorquer (3) running
On Board Computer Subsystem
Software
Hardware
Two ATMega 128 micro-controllers Minimal pre-empting of
One Interfaces with Power, Sensors running task
and Actuators (master)
Other dedicated to CC1020 (slave) Cyclic Scheduler
Hardware Busses Software almost ready
SPI
I2C
UART
External EEPROM
Final Hardware designs ready
 Major power inputs
Power Subsystem Direct solar radiation
Solar radiation reflected from
Earth (albedo)
Hardware Earths thermal radiation

Solar cells Average useful power

Batteries incident on the faces
3.3V regulator A A B B C C Tot
5V regulator 21W 7W 17W 17W 20W 2W 84W
Microcontroller
Power distribution
Battery protection

Software ready
 OILS (HILS)
Level 2 testing for Power, OBC, Controls, and Communication

Hardware ready
Working on Real-time
Software
 Structure Subsystem
Static Analysis: Displacement
Qualification of the satellite
structure as per launch loads

Qualification of structure
based on thermal loads in
orbit
Modal analysis: 1st mode
Software ANSYS

Analysis of final model has

started
 Thermals Subsystem

Maintain suitable temperature for components.

Temporal cycle of temperatures experienced in orbit

Spatial gradient of temperature at an instant

Dissipation of heat from components onboard

Active thermal control of critical components

Fluent to Nastran to our own C++ codes to ISACs Ideas

Going to ISAC for final Thermal design

 Mechanisms Subsystem
Deployment of 2 parallel
monopoles (ditched!)

IBL 230 V2, Micro

Satellite Separation System

SNAP Mechanism
Separation from LVI
To be given by VSSC
System Engineering and Integration
Stages and Functions of Satellite; Operational Sequence
System and Sub-System Requirements
Budget for Weight, Power and Data
Interface, Connectors and Wires
Routing of Wires
Configuration Layout (External / Internal)
LVI from ISRO and Access Ports
Connectivity Diagram
Integration Sequence
Level 2 and Level 3 Testing
 Quality Assurance

QA refers to planned and systematic production

processes that provide confidence in a product's suitability
for its intended purpose
Electrical QA

Mechanical QA (~1)

Software QA

Clean Room being built (100,000 class)

Documentation and Reviews

Major emphasis on documentation

We want to preserve our knowledge

Regular review done by the team and faculty

Reports written and circulated within the team

Reviews done in ISAC and by other ISRO scientists

All our documents are available on our website

www.aero.iitb.ac.in/pratham/
Organizations Supporting Pratham
ISRO
ISAC
VSSC
IIT Bombay
IRCC
CDEEP
AEA
SAMEER
TIFR
Boeing
 Why we need you!
Number of students in
the team during
summer will drop, due
to summer interns.
Most of these students
have already been with us
for over 2.5 years
Hence strong technical
skills in electrical and
mechanical subsytems
required.
Students will be trained
after they join the team.
Grading of freshies,
sohpies and mtech will be
done separately
All students need to pass
through quiz followed by
presentation for entering
the team.
 What you will do?
Design should be over by then. But you should
have capability to understand design and suggest
changes if faults are found.
Testing of the Qualification and Flight Model
Fabrication of Flight Hardware ISAC, Bangalore
Conformal Coating of circuits
Thermovac Test TIFR, Mumbai
Vibration Test TIFR Hyderabad, ISAC Bangalore
Other Tests SAC Ahmedabad, ISAC Bangalore
Integration with LV VSSC, Trivandrum
Launch of the Satellite SHAR, Shriharikota
 Quiz (Wed, 24th March, 2010)
Electrical
Need good knowledge of
circuit design, electronics
and communication fundae,
controls, quality etc.
Electrical components on
Pratham like GPS,
Magnetometer, SS, etc.
Knowledge about 6 electrical
boards onboard Pratham
Sub-Systems: Payload,
Comm, Controls, OBC,
Power, OILS, Quality
Mechanical
Need good knowledge of
structures, thermals,
mechanisms, etc.
Read up on integration, wire
routing, system engineering,
budgeting of weights, etc.
Knowledge about
mechanical structure of
Pratham
Sub-Systems: Mechanism,
Structures, Thermals, System
Engineering, Integration,