Computer Literacy Syllabus

(For standard 8th-10th)

Evolution Of Computers
First Generation:
Used vacuum tubes, punch cards.
Bigger, slower, less efficient.

Second Generation:
Used Transistors
Faster & smaller than first generation.
 Third Generation:
Used Integrated circuits.
Flexible & smaller.

Fourth Generation:
Used Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits(VLSI).
Easily work in network.

Fifth Generation:
Portable & sophisticated.
High processing speed.
Basic Block Diagram Of computer

Processor
Input Unit Control Unit/Arithmetic Logic Unit

Output Unit
Input Output
Storage Unit Devices
Memory
Devices

Arithmetic and Logic Unit

Control Unit
Storage Devices
 Input Output Devices
A plant takes in water and gives flowers.
Taking in is called Input.
Giving out is called Output.
Water is the input and flowers are the
output for the plant.
Input devices allow us to send information to the
computer.
Input to the computer is usually given by
clicking the mouse or typing on the keyboard.
Output devices allow us to receive information from
the computer.
Output from the computer may be printouts from the
printer, sounds on the speaker, or images on the monitor.
Characteristics of Computer

Automatic : it works without human intervention.

Speed : Modern computers performs millions of operation in a
second.
Accuracy : is consistently high.
Storage : Can store large amount of data and retrieve the same at
high speed.
Diligence: it does not suffer from tiredness.
Versatility: Computers are capable of performing almost any task
Types Of Computer
Personal computers (PC) :
a small, relatively inexpensive computer
designed for an individual user.

moderately powerful microprocessor.

At home, the most popular use for personal

computers is playing games and surfing
Internet.
 Workstations :

It is also a single user computer system which is

similar to personal computer .

more powerful microprocessor.

come with a large, high-resolution graphics

screen, large amount of RAM , inbuilt network
support, and a graphical user interface.
 Mini Computer

It is a multi-user computer system

which is capable of supporting
hundreds of users simultaneously.
 Main Frame Computer

It is a multi-user computer system which is

capable of supporting hundreds of users
simultaneously.

Software technology is different from

minicomputer.
Supercomputer

It is an extremely fast computer

which can execute hundreds of
millions of instructions per second.

For example, weather forecasting,

scientific simulations , animated
graphics, electronic design.
Components Of Computer
1. Hardware-

Collection of physical elements that comprise a computer system.

Refers to the physical parts or components of a computer that you

can actually touch.

For example: Mouse, CPU, keyboard, printer, scanner.

2. Software-

Computer software, or just software, is a collection of computer

programs and related data that provides the instructions for
telling a computer what to do and how to do it.

For examples: Operating system, Music player, MS-paint, MS-word

pad, Microsoft power point, Excel.
1.Left click: Click the left button once. This is
used to select an activity after you point to it.

2.Double click: Click the left button twice, quickly.

This is used to start the activity after you have pointed
at it.
3.Right click: Click the right button once. This is
used to control the activity after you have started
it .
The Keyboard

The keyboard is probably the most used

input device. It operates a lot like a
typewriter, but has many additional
keys that let it do special things a
typewriter cant.
Special Keyboard Keys

The flashing light on the computer screen is

called the cursor. This cursor can be moved up
and down or left and right by pressing the 4
keys that have arrows on them. These arrow
keys are called cursor keys.
 Shift Key

When this key is pressed at the same time you press a

letter key, a capital letter appears on your screen.
When it is held down when you press a key with a
symbol and number, the top symbol appears on the
computer screen. There are two shift keys on your
keyboard.
 The Backspace Key
When this key is pressed, the cursor moves back
one space to the left on your computer screen. This
key is very helpful when you press the wrong letter
or number. You can erase your mistakes!
 The Caps Lock Key

When you press this key, a small light on the keyboard comes on.
Whenever this light is on, any letter key you press will result in a
capital of that letter appearing on the screen. Pressing the CAPS
LOCK key a second time turns it off.
 The Space Bar

This is the long bar located at the bottom of the

keyboard. Every time you press this bar, the cursor
moves one space to the right on the computer screen.
 The Enter Key

When you write a letter or a story pressing the Enter Key

makes the cursor jump down to the next line. This is a very
helpful key to use when you want to start a new paragraph
or youre typing your spelling list.
 The Function Keys

Most computer keyboards have between 10 and 12 function

keys. These keys are usually located at the top of the keyboard
and give the computer user fast ways to give the computer
special instructions. For example, pressing F1 when using a
Windows program will allow the user access to the Help
screen.
 The Numeric Keypad Keys
On the right side of the keyboard there is a set of keys grouped
together in a square. These keys have two functions. When
the number lock key is pressed, these keys offer a quick and
easy way of entering numbers into the computer. When the
number lock key isnt pressed, these keys control the
movement of the cursor.
Scanner
A scanner is a very useful input device.
You can place a page of writing or
pictures in the scanner and it will send
the information to your computer.
There they can be changed, saved into
a computer file, or printed.
Random Access Memory

When a computer processes

information, it uses software
programs. Each program requires a
certain amount of electronic memory,
or RAM (Random Access Memory) to
run correctly.
RAM is temporary memory. The computer holds information
in this memory and gets it when it needs it.
If a computer has more RAM, it can solve problems and
process information faster! If youre updating your computer,
more RAM is a great thing to add!
 Read-Only Memory

A second kind of computer memory is ROM, which stands

for Read-Only Memory. This memory is permanent. The
information there was put there when the computer was
made. The computer needs the information in its ROM
memory in order to function.
 Bytes, Kilobytes,
Megabytes and Gigabytes

Byte 8 Bits=1 byte

KB Kilobyte=1,024 bytes
MB Megabyte=1,024 KB
GB Gigabyte=1,024 MB
 Microsoft Office Word
Specialties:
1. Save, open, new
2. Edit
3. Format
4. Find and Replace
5. Font-Bold, Italic, Underline
6. Case-Upper, Lower
Office Button
New - To take a new page for painting or create a new picture.
Open- To open your file or open an existing file.
Save- Save the current picture or the new page which you want to
create.
Save as-Save the created picture on other name.
Print-You can print your document or text by using print option
Close- Exit or stop the work in paint.
Home
Clipboard: cut, copy ,paste.
Font: Underline, Strikethrough, Font size, Grow Font, Shrink Font,
Font Color, Highlight, Change Case, Sentence case, Lower case, Upper
case, Capitalize each word, Toggle case
 Microsoft Office Excel

To organize your data into rows

and columns.

To perform mathematical
calculations quickly.
Microsoft office button:
Displays Menu to create a new file, open
an existing file, save a file, and perform
many other tasks.

The Quick Access Toolbar

Gives access to commands you frequently
use.

By default, Save, Undo, and Redo appear on

the Quick Access toolbar.
 The Ribbon
Tabs : displays several
related command groups.

Dialog box launcher: a

dialog box makes
additional commands
available.
 Tittle Bar:
displays the name of the
workbook you are currently
using.

The Formula Bar

Left Side displays the cell address of
the cell you are in.

Right side displays the cell entry.

 Various Keys Used In Worksheet:
Arrow Keys(up, down, left, right): cursor moves upward,
downward, left, right one cell at a time.

Tab key: cursor moves to the right one cell at a time.

Shift + Tab keys: cursor moves to the left one cell at a time.

Page up & page down keys: the cursor moves up & down one page.

Ctrl + home Keys: moves to cell A1.

To enter data :

Place the cursor in cell A1.

Type John Jordan. Do not press
Enter at this time.
 To Delete Data:

The Backspace key erases one

character at a time.
Press the Backspace key until
Jordan is erased.
Press Enter. The name "John"
appears in cell A1.
 Edit A Cell

You can edit the data by pressing

F2 while you are in the cell you
wish to edit.

You can also double click the cell

Functions of Excel
Concatenate:

If a worksheet includes first names in one column and last names

in another column, you can enter a formula in a third column that
joins the first name with the last name.

The ampersand (&) is the concatenation operator that joins text,

numbers, and dates into one long text string.
 Auto Sum:

totals the numeric value of all

cells.
selects the cells in the column
above or in the row to the left
of the current cell.
Creating a folder:
1. Move the mouse pointer to an empty space on the
desktop.
2. Right click (click once on the right button of the mouse).
3. Select the option Create Folder.
4. Enter a name for the folder.
Drag and Drop:
1. Select the file (using left click of the mouse).
2. Hold the left button pressed and move the mouse
towards the folder. The file icon selected also moves as you
move the mouse pointer. This is called Drag.
3. Release the mouse button when the mouse pointer is on
the folder. This action of the mouse is called Drop.
 File Transfer
Copy and Paste:
1. Select a file , right click on it.
2. Click on Copy.
3. Move the cursor to the place where you want that
file.
4. Click on Paste.

Save:
To ensure that your changes are recorded, it is
essential to save the file.
Cut and Paste:
1. Select a file , right click on it.
2. Click on Cut.
3. Move the cursor to the place where you
want that file.
4. Click on Paste.

Undo:
Click on Undo to go back without the
changes.
Rename:

1. Select a file , right click on it.

2. Click on rename.
3. Give the new name to file
4. Press enter.
Internet
Story of ARPANET
Why web?
Why WWW?
Satellite Communication
Online- exam, reservation, admission(after 10th)
Search Tools
E-mail
E-commerce
INTERNET
What Is the Internet?
The Internet is a global network of networks.

People and organizations connect into the Internet so

they can access its massive store of shared
information.

Anybody can publish information or create new

services
 Uses Of Internet
Email:
Email is now an essential communication tools in business. It is also excellent for keeping in
touch with family and friends. The advantages to email is that it is free ( no charge per use) when
compared to telephone, fax and postal services.

Information Search Engine:

There is a huge amount of information available on the internet for just about every subject
known to man, ranging from government law and services, trade fairs and conferences, market
information, new ideas and technical support.

Services:
Many services are now provided on the internet such as online banking, job seeking and
applications, and hotel reservations. Often these services are not available off-line or cost more.
Disadvantages
Theft of Personal information

Spamming:
Spamming refers to sending unwanted e-mails in bulk, which provide no purpose and
needlessly obstruct the entire system.

Virus threat:
Virus is nothing but a program which disrupts the normal functioning of your computer
systems. Computers attached to internet are more prone to virus attacks and they can end
up into crashing your whole hard disk.
Pornography:
This is perhaps the biggest threat related to your childrens healthy mental life. There are
thousands of pornographic sites on the Internet