OPHTHALMOLOGY

INTRODUCTION
 Vital signs in Ophthalmology

Visual Acuity
Intra Ocular Pressure
Allignment & Ocular Movement
Pupils
Visual Field
 Visual Acuity

VA = Maximal distance in patient

Normal maximal distance

6/6 or 20/20
Visual normal value
 Visual normal value

3. Finger Counting

1/60
Incorrect Correct
 Visual normal value
2. Waving Hand

1/300
 Visual normal value
1. Light Perception

1/
 Intraocular pressure

Measured by palpation
Varies throughout the day, normal is 10-22 (start to worry
when pressure is in the 30s and up)
Palpation may be useful if you suspect angle closure
glaucoma (never perform in trauma)
 Digital IOP examination

Correct X Incorrect X
Pupilary exam
 Pupillary exam

Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) or Marcus Gunn

pupil (has nothing to do with size of pupils but the
comparitive reaction to light)
Detected with swinging flash light test
Indicates unilateral or asymmetric damage to anterior visual
pathways (optic nerve or extensive retinal damage)
Pupillary exam: RAPD
Ocular alignment & motility: corneal
light reflex

Normal or straight

Exotropia (out)

Esotropia (in)
Eye Motility
Thank you!!