NHM 2

L CNG TON 1420136

L TH QUANG 1420230
H VNH THNG 1420123
ON L TNG 1420158
NGUYN NG KHOA 1420202
K THUT A TRUY CP
A SNG MANG

PHN CHIA THEO M

(MC CDMA)
1. Gii thiu v k thut a truy nhp phn chia theo m CDMA

Bin i bn tin thnh tn hiu ta tp m i vi cc

my thu khng mong mun bng m ngu nhin. Cc
my thu kh khn trong vic tch v ly ra c bn tin.
K thut tri ph
M ngu nhin c thit k c rng bng tn ln
hn nhiu so vi rng bng tn ca bn tin.

Mt h thng thng tin c xem l tri ph khi tha 2 iu kin:

Bng thng tn hiu tri ph ln hn rt nhiu so vi bng thng tn
hiu thng tin.
M dng tri ph c lp vi tn hiu thng tin.
 u im Kh nng a truy cp
ca k
Tnh bo mt thng tin cao
thut thng
tin tri ph Bo v chng nhiu a ng

Cc k Phn tn ph trc tip (DS: Direct

thut tri Sequency)
ph gm ba Nhy tn s (FH: Frequency Hopping)
nhm chnh Nhy thi gian (TH: Time Hopping)
Cc chui tri ph
 Nguyn l ca CDMA

Trong h thng CDMA, mi user c gn cho mt chui m xc nh.

Tt c cc user c th s dng chung khong bng tn trong
cng mt khong thi gian.

H thng CDMA da trn nguyn l tri ph

Mi trm pht s dng mt chui tri ph gi ngu nhin tc
ng vo tn hiu tin tc.

Khi my thu nhn c tn hiu t nhiu trm pht khc nhau, n s ly tn

hiu mong mun bng cch gii m tn hiu bng chui m ring ca chnh
tn hiu . Ta c c kt qu ny l do tnh t tng quan v tng quan
cho ca cc chui m tri ph.
 2. OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)

OFDM c ng dng trong c hai h thng thng tin v tuyn v hu

tuyn, nht l trong cc h thng thng tin tc cao.

OFDM cn l gii php k thut c c cho cc chun LAN khng

dy (Wireless Local Area Network) nh ETSI Hiperlan/2 v IEEE 802.11a.
 Nguyn tc c bn ca OFDM
Chuyn i mt chui d liu ni tip c tc cao R thnh N chui con
song song c tc thp hn (R/N).

Bn cht trc giao ca cc sng mang ph OFDM cho php ph ca cc

chui con sau iu ch chng ln ln nhau m vn m bo vic tch ring
bit tng thnh phn ti pha thu.

Hiu qu s dng bng tn tng ng k v trnh c nhiu gia cc

sng mang ln cn ICI (Inter-carrier Interference).
 u im Khuyt im
Tng hiu qu s dng bng thng Nhy vi offset tn s (hiu ng
dch tn Dopler)

Bn vng vi fading chn lc tn s Kh khn trong vic quyt nh v

tr nh thi ti u gim nh
hng ca ICI v ISI
Chng c nhiu lin k hiu ISI

T s cng sut nh trn cng sut

S phc tp ca my pht v my
trung bnh PAPR (Peak to Average
thu gim ng k nh s dng FFT v
Power Ratio) ln v tn hiu OFDM
IFFT
l tng ca N thnh phn c
iu ch bi cc tn s khc nhau.
C th truyn d liu tc cao
 3. Gii thiu chung v MC CDMA
Bn cnh vic cung cp cc dch v v ng dng mi, thnh cng ca 4G s
ph thuc nhiu vo s la chn cc khi nim v s i mi cng ngh
trong kin trc, phn phi ph, s dng v khai thc ph.

FDMA TDMA

DS - CDMA

Khng c kh nng chng chi li Fading chn lc

tn s.
Khng hiu qu khi tc d liu tng n hng trm
Tuy nhin, DS CDMA
Mbps do nh hng ca ISI.
Kh khn trong vic ng b chui m ho.
 Multicarrier (MC) CDMA
Nm 1993, tng v s kt hp
gia CDMA v OFDM dn n
Multicarrier DS CDMA
vic ra i ca ba m hnh a
truy cp mi
Multitone (MT) CDMA

Multicarrier CDMA (MC CDMA)

Do k tha tt c nhng u im ca CDMA v OFDM nn
cc m hnh ny u c kh nng truyn tc cao, c tnh
bn vng vi fading chn lc tn s, s dng bng thng
hiu qu, c tnh bo mt cao v gim phc tp ca h
thng
3.1. Nguyn l chung ca k thut MC CDMA

Tn hiu MC CDMA c bn c to ra bng cch ghp ni tip hai h

thng DS CDMA v OFDM

Mi user c cp cho mt
chui m xc nh thuc tp
m trc giao (DS CDMA), sau
d liu ca tt c user
c pht song song trn
cng mt tp sng mang ph
trc giao (OFDM), thay v pht
ni tip nh trong h thng DS
CDMA.
 K thut MC CDMA c chia lm hai nhm

MC-CDMA MC-DS-CDMA

Min tri ph Min tn s Min thi gian.

Khong cch cc
=
sng mang con

Hiu qu i vic ng c thit k c bit

c trng
b knh ng xung dng trong knh ng
ring bit
bng cch s dng cc ln khng ng b.
m trc giao.
 Chui tn hiu ban u sau khi c chuyn t ni
tip sang song song c tri ph bng m tri ph.
H thng MC-DS-CDMA: H thng MC-DS-CDMA tri ph trong min thi
gian. Sau cc chip ca cng mt k t s c
iu ch trn mt sng mang.

Chui tn hiu ban u c tri ph bng m tri

ph, sau mi chip ca cng mt k t s c
H thng MC-CDMA: iu ch trn mi sng mang khc nhau. MC-CDMA
tri ph trong min tn s nn khng b gii hn v
khong tn s yu cu trc giao. V vy, ng
xung, MC-CDMA th hin u im hn MC-DS-
CDMA.
D liu vo Chuyn IDFT Chuyn Chn
Tri
i S/P & i P/S khong
ph OFDM d phng

3.2. H thng MC - CDMA Knh

AWGN truyn

D liu ra Chuyn DFT Chuyn Kh

Nn
i P/S & i S/P khong
ph d phng
OFDM
3.3. My pht

My pht MC-CDMA tri tn hiu

bng gc trong min tn s bng
mt m tri cho trc. i vi truyn a sng mang, chng
ta cn t c fading khng chn
Mi phn ca k t tng ng vi lc tn s trn mi sng mang.
mt chip ca m tri c iu
ch bng mt sng mang ph khc
nhau.

Nu tc truyn ca tn hiu gc cao tr thnh

i tng ca fading chn lc tn s th tn hiu cn

chuyn t ni tip sang song song trc khi c tri
trong min tn s.
S my pht MC CDMA Ph cng sut ca
ng vi user th j tn hiu MC CDMA
3.4. My thu

B thu l b OFDM thm vo mt cng vic kt hp tch d liu c

pht i vi mi ngi s dng mong mun.
B thu MC-CDMA yu cu vic tch sng c thc hin ng b thao
tc gii tri ph thnh cng. Qu trnh tch sng ti my thu MC - CDMA cho
ngi s dng th k nh sau:

Sau khi i bng tn xung v kh khong d phng, cc

sng mang ph trc tng ng vi d liu thu u
tin c tch ng b vi DFT (hoc FFT), ta thu c
gi tr trn mi nhnh.
Kt hp nng lng tn hiu ri rc trong min tn s, v
bin quyt nh l tng ca cc thnh phn bng gc.
3.5. Knh truyn
Trong h thng MC-CDMA bng rng knh truyn fading Rayleigh chn tn s
bin i chm l knh truyn in hnh. Knh truyn ca h thng c bng
thng rng c chia thnh N knh bng hp m mi knh nh vy ch chu
tc ng ca fading phng, ngha l ch c mt h s li trn mi knh ph.
V mi knh truyn ph c li khc nhau nn khi xt n knh truyn ca
h thng th n l knh truyn c tnh chn lc tn s.
iu kin tnh chn lc tn s ca knh truyn th hin trn ton bng
thng ca tn hiu pht v khng th hin trn tng sng mang ph l:

Nu knh truyn c bng thng lin kt tho iu kin trn th knh truyn c
p ng xung c th c xem nh l mt tp hp ca nhiu knh truyn ph
bng hp
 4. NHIU MAI, NHIU ICI V VN DCH TN S SNG MANG

L loi nhiu a truy nhp do tn hiu ca cc thu bao khc

ang cng tham gia hot ng trong h thng tc ng ln tn
hiu ca thu bao ang xt.

Nhiu ny sinh ra khi thc hin tng quan cho gia m tri
4.1. Nhiu MAI
ph ang xt v cc m khc th gi tr ny khng trit tiu.

C hai phng php gim nhiu MAI:

Tri ph bng cc m trc giao c tng quan cho
bng 0
Dng cc b trit nhiu MAI
 L mt trong cc loi nhiu chnh ca h thng MC-CDMA.
Khi cc sng mang ph khng hon ton trc giao th thnh
phn tn hiu trn knh con ny s gy nhiu ln thnh
phn tn hiu trn knh con khc hay xut hin nhiu ICI.

Nguyn nhn: Hin tng Doppler tc ng n tnh trc

4.2. Nhiu ICI
giao ca cc sng mang ph

Gim nhiu ICI: nhiu ICI ch c gim khi vn ng b

tn s c bo m
 N lm suy gim bin ca tn hiu mong mun v
lm mt tnh trc giao gia cc sng mang ph dn
n nhiu lin sng mang ICI.

Nguyn nhn chnh gy ra dch tn s:

4.3. Vn
Tri Doppler do thit b di ng tc cao
dch tn s
Sai lch gia b to dao ng cho cc sng
sng mang mang pha my pht v pha my thu.

Ta cn s dng k thut c lng dch tn s. Sau

tm cch ng b tn s sng mang, ng thi kt
hp mt s k thut khc.
 5. U IM V KHUYT IM CA MC-CDMA

u im Khuyt im
Do ch chu nh hng ca fading
phng nn h thng bn vng vi
fading chn lc tn s. Rt nhy vi offset tn s.
C th gim phc tp ca cc
b cn bng my thu.
T s cng sut nh trn cng
Chng c nhiu lin k hiu ISI. sut trung bnh PAPR (Peak to
Average Power Ratio) ln.
S phc tp ca my pht v
my thu gim ng k nh s
dng thut ton FFT v IFFT.
 6. Hng pht trin ti

ng dng k thut MC-CDMA trong vic ci thin cht lng

ng truyn, s dng tn hiu CI trong h thng MC-CDMA.

Xy dng h thng thng tin kt hp gia k thut MC-CDMA v anten

thng minh ci thin cht lng knh truyn tt hn.

Tm hiu v k thut Multi-code MultiCarrier CDMA (MC MC CDMA), k

thut kt hp gia MultiCarrier CDMA v Multi-code CDMA. Cc kt qu
m phng ca cc nh nghin cu cho thy cht lng ca h thng s
dng MultiCode MultiCarrier CDMA cng xp x nh s dng MC CDMA
nhng c th h tr cc tc d liu cao hn.
CM N THY V CC BN LNG NGHE!!