Masters Compass - Todays Lesson

Basic Magnetism & the Earths field

Hf & Zf
Induction
Effect of the Earths field on new build vessels
Compass correcting what are we correcting?
Card System
Coefficients
Coef. B Induced
Coef. B Permanent
Splitting B
Magnetism
Opposite poles Like poles
Attract Repel
LINES OF FORCE

EXIT RED POLE

ENTER BLUE POLE

 Hf & Zf

Fleetwood - 68
 RATIO OF Hf & Zf
ASHORE
Hf Hf

Zf

Zf

HIGH & LOW LAT.

 Hf & Zf
@ Freetown Hf =
Zf =

@ NW Canada Hf =
Zf =
 Hf & Zf RATIOs

SHIP SHORE

Hf Hf

Zf
Zf
Induction
WHERE FIELD ENTERS BLUE POLE
INDUCED

WHERE FIELD EXITS RED POLE

INDUCED
 Hard & Soft Iron
Ferro-magnetic materials - iron, steel,
nickel
Non-magnetic brass

Hard Iron - retains magnetism becoming

a Permanent magnet

Soft Iron - quickly loses its magnetism

and is then re-induced by another field
FLINDERS BAR IS INDUCED SOFT IRON
IT HAS HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL
POLES
 So what is
happening on our
ship to cause
deviations?
Effect of Earths
field on a New
build vessel
 How many
planes does
our ship have?
 Where do our
ships own
magnetic
characteristics
originate?
BUILT HEADING NORTH - NORTH LAT.
BUILT HEADING SOUTH - NORTH LAT.
Heading ?
What is it
that we
correcting
for?
 like cures like
Forces acting on the compass position are
practically equal in all directions of the ships
head

Lost directive force on certain headings have

been restored and sluggish action has been
eliminated

Compass card has been steadied

Residual deviations are small and symmetrical

 Card System
Driving force?
Where will it work best?
Magnet system needle or ring
Magnet casing brass
Float - High centre of gravity.
Jewel - sapphire
Pivot - iridium
Liquid - Bayol
 Coefficients
A coefficient is a mathematical
representation of deviations on two
opposite headings.

Named by the deviation caused in the

1st sector. East is +ve. West is -ve.

Sectors : Semicircular or Quadrantal

Semicircular
Quadrantal
 Coefficient B
It is the mathematical representation
of deviations on EAST & WEST
headings.
There are 2 causes:
BI B induced
&
BP B permanent
 Coef. B Induced
Cause: induction of fore & aft,
vertical soft iron near the binnacle
Vertical iron induced
Northern hemisphere
Vertical iron induced
Southern
hemisphere
 INDUCED B
( NORTHERN HEMISPHERE )

What will be the deviation?

 INDUCED B
( NORTHERN HEMISPHERE )

What will be the deviation?

 INDUCED B
( NORTHERN
HEMISPHERE )

What will be the

deviation?
 INDUCED B
( NORTHERN HEMISPHERE )

COMPENSATION WITH FLINDERS BAR

( BLUE POLE )
 INDUCED B
( SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE )

COMPENSATION WITH FLINDERS BAR

( RED POLE )
What about at the
Equator?
 Coef. B Permanent
Cause: ships fore & aft magnetic
field
COEFFICIENT +B

EASTERLY DEVIATION

( BLUE BOW )
 COEFFICIENT +B

WESTERLY DEVIATION
( BLUE BOW )
 Calculate the value of Coef B

When heading 090 the deviation was 10W

When heading 270 the deviation was 8E
Easterly deviation is +ve
Westerly deviation is -ve

Rule: Find the Mean of the deviations

after changing the sign of alternate
values.
 Calculate the value of Coef B

When heading East the deviation was 10W

When heading West the deviation was 8E
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10 W becomes -10
8E becomes -8
-----------------------------------

-18 / 2
= -9 Coef. Bp
Bp - Correction