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1605
B.S ENGLISH
5 SEMESTER
TH
CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION
1.Burning of Fossil Fuels:
Sulfur dioxide emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels like coal,
petroleum and other factory combustibles is one the major cause of air
pollution. Carbon Monoxide caused by improper or incomplete combustion
and generally emitted from vehicles is another major pollutant along with
Nitrogen Oxides, that is produced from both natural and man made
processes.
2. Household and Farming Chemicals:
When we use these chemicals at home or offices with no or little ventilation, we
may fall ill if we breathe them. Crop dusting, fumigating homes, household cleaning
products or painting supplies, over the counter insect/pest killers, fertilizer dust
emit harmful chemicals into the air and cause pollution.
3. Exhaust from factories and industries :
Manufacturing industries release large amount of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons,
organic compounds, and chemicals into the air thereby depleting the quality of air.
Petroleum refineries also release hydrocarbons and various other chemicals that pollute
the air and also cause land pollution. Ammonia is a very common by product from agriculture
related activities and is one of the most hazardous gases in the atmosphere. Excessive use of
insectides,pesticides and fertilizers emit harmful chemicals into the air causing air and water
pollution
4. Automobile Emissions:
Automobile emissions are the number one source of carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen
oxides, and volatile organic compounds released into the atmosphere. While the
emissions of any single vehicle are usually quite low, when you add up the millions of
vehicles in transit in any given urban metropolitan area, you come up with quite a lot of
emissions.
EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
1. Acid Rain:
Harmful gases like nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides are released into the
atmosphere during the burning of fossil fuels. When it rains, the water
droplets combines with these air pollutants, becomes acidic and then falls on
the ground in the form of acid rain.
2. Eutrophication:
Eutrophication is a condition where high amount of nitrogen present in
some pollutants gets developed on seas surface and turns itself into algae
and adversely affect fish, plants and animal species.
3. Respiratory and heart problems:
The effects of Air pollution are alarming. They are known to create several
respiratory and heart conditions along with Cancer, among other threats to
the body. Children in areas exposed to air pollutants are said to commonly
suffer from pneumonia and asthma.
4. Depletion of Ozone layer:
Ozone exists in earths stratosphere and is responsible for protecting humans from harmful
ultraviolet (UV) rays. Earths ozone layer is depleting due to the presence of chlorofluorocarbons,
hydro chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere. As ozone layer will go thin, it will emit harmful
rays back on earth and can cause skin and eye related problems.
5. Global warming:
Another direct effect is the immediate alterations that the world is witnessing due to Global
warming. With increased temperatures world wide, increase in sea levels and melting of ice from
colder regions and icebergs, displacement and loss of habitat have already signaled an
impending disaster if actions for preservation and normalization arent undertaken soon.
SOLUTIONS TO AIR POLLUTION
Loss of biodiversity:
Loss of biodiversity is the biggest threat to this universe. It is feared that if various species
keep on extinguishing on the same pace then a day would come when we the human
beings have to directly face this threat. Therefore it is must to contain biodiversity which
means retaining the variety of life as broad as possible. Hundreds of various living beings
and plants have been extinguished from this world. Now sea pollution is a direct threat to
the marine life.
SOLUTIONS OF WATER POLLUTION
2.Human activities:
Soil pollution is further increased by human-activities. Some of the human activities that causes
land or soil pollution includes the following:
> The main factors of land pollution are increasing rate of soil erosion caused due to
deforestation.
> In most of the developing countries increasing rate of soil erosion due to deforestation and
faulty agricultural practices has degraded land to a large scale because the fertile top soil has
been washed out.
The excreta of birds, animals and humans are source of soil pollution by biological
agents. Sewage used as manure causes soil pollution.
Acid rains increase the acidity of soils that is injurious to plant growth. It is caused by
the presence of pollutants in the environment. The major causes of acid rains includes
human activities such as burning of fossil fuels, and introduction of harmful gases.
The toxic chemicals in the form of solid and liquid wastes that are disposed by
industries and factories is the major source for soil pollution.
The nuclear power plants are responsible for producing radioactive wastes. These
are harmful for the soil.
Harmful effects of land pollution
Land pollution results in substantial decrease in soil fertility and
agricultural production.
Chemical pollutants in the form of chemical fertilizers and pesticides,
insecticides and herbicides cause various diseases and several deaths.
Those bacteria which are transmitted to human-beings from soil infect
causes dysentery, cholera, tuberculosis, typhoid and paratyphoid fever,
etc.
The decomposition of various waste materials causes harmful gases and
bad smell.
Clogging of micro-holes of the soil by particles in the sewage destroy the
soil micro-organisms.
Land pollution is one of the main cause of air and water pollution.
Control of Land pollution
Controlled and judicious use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides,
insecticides and herbicides.
Proper disposal of industrial and urban wastes.
After proper treatment the urban and industrial effluents should be used
for irrigation purposes.
Proper land use and management.
Proper use of fertilizers and biocides.
Land pollution can be controlled by adopting as follows:
Soil erosion should be checked.