plastics

6th most exported global product

China: Largest plastic importer & exporter country
Most imported & exported global plastic: polymers of ethylene
Chinas export value: USD 64035659 in 2016
China: exports in more than 220 countries across the world
Top plastic importer countries of China: USA, Hong Kong, Japan,Germany,
UK, France, India etc.
Fastest growing among top 10 export categories, up 153.4% for the 7-year
period starting in 2009
The drivers were:
Increasing local demand: CHINA- top consumers of plastics
Lower labor costs
Lower tooling and process costs
Lower environmental and health and safety costs
Initial absence of regulations & their implementation in both
manufacturing and reprocessing

 Recent investments in modern centralized manufacturing & reprocessing facilities

Inferior imports and domestic recycled plastics: used at low-tech uncontrolled plants
Good quality import material used for capital intensive - better quality plastics
manufacturing
Green Fence Operation (GFO) forcing a step change in the quality of imported plastics
by adopting a zero tolerance approach to contamination level of imports and closing
down unlicensed operators.
International recycling markets for plastics scrap depend on a complex interplay of:
National (domestic) solid waste collection capabilities (formal and informal), reprocessing
capabilities and needs, and export / transport laws and controls.
Market demand and import controls at the major destination countries (e.g. China) and investment
in raw material production elsewhere (e.g. Chinese investments in Africa).
Global supply chain networks: transport logistics and costs (westbound freight rates, number of
empty containers re- turning to Asia (reverse haulage), customs).
Cost of primary resins, dependent on oil and natural gas prices (prime determinant of the price of
recycled plastics)
Technological innovation: (new resins, composites, oxo-degradable and compostable plastics, sensor-
based sorting, chemical recycling).
 Iron and steel
China: worlds largest steel exporter
106.6 million metric tons of steel in 2016
China accounts for 23 percent of all exports of steel
In value terms, steel represents just 2.4% of the total amount of goods
China exports
Top markets for China: South Korea(13.5 MT), Vietnam, Philippines,
Thailand
 Trade Remedies in the Steel Sector
Antidumping duties (AD), countervailing duties (CVD), associated suspension
agreements, and safeguards are often referred to collectively as trade
remedies.
These are internationally agreed upon mechanisms to address the market-
distorting effects of unfair trade, or serious injury or threat of serious injury
caused by a surge in imports.
The table below provides statistics on the current number of trade remedies
various countries have against steel mill products from China.
The main competition tendency in Chinese stainless steel market
The competition in Chinese stainless steel market is inevitably related to such factors
as the level of development of Chinese economy, technology and equipment, the degree
of market maturity, the limited resources and the environment requirement.

Cheaper as compared to other countries

Large steel factories with high production capacity(over 30 MTPA)