BRITISH CULTURE

1. PHYSICAL
SETTING OF
BRITISH
CULTURE
 PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE
Geographical and
Offical Names :
- England
- Britain and Great Britain
(Britannia, Bretagne)
- The United Kingdom of
Great Britain and
Northern Ireland = The
United Kingdom
- British Isles
1. PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE
 1. PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE
Components
Include 4 parts
England
- Capital: London
 English flag
 PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE
Scotland
- Capital : Endinburg

thistle
 Scotlands national flag
 PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE

Wales: a Principality
Capital: Cardiff

Daffodils
 Waless national flag: the Red Dragon of Cadwaladr, King
of Gwynedd, along with the Tudor colours of green and white
PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE

North Ireland
Capital: Belfast

shamrock
 Sams flag formal North Ireland flag
 Unions flag or Unions Jack
of United Kingdom
 BRITANNIA
ALBION
(ALBUS : white)
 JOHN BULL
 PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE

1.1. Position:
- English Channel
- North Sea
- Irish Sea
- Atlantic Ocean
 PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE

No one in the UK lives

more than 120 kms (75
miles) from the sea.
Coastline: 12,429 km,
fishing-zone: 200 nautical
miles (nmi), territorial sea
of 12 nmi, a lot of inlets,
headlands, thousand
small islands
 PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE
Scotland

Southern border with

England (96 kilometer);
Eastern : North Sea,
North-western: Atlantic
Ocean,
South-western: IrishSea
and North English
Channel.
PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE

England:
North: Scotland
West : Irish Sea and
Wales
East: North Sea
South: Celtic Sea and
English Chanel
 PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE

Wales
Located on the
peninsula west of the
UK
Share eastern border
with England
Celtic Sea and Irish
Sea
PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE

Northern Ireland
- In the north-east of
the island of Ireland.
- shares a border to the
south and west with
the Republic of
Ireland
- East: Irish Sea
 PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE
1.2. Area:
244,820 square
kilometres
- England: 130,427 km
- Scotland at 78,772
km
- Wales : 20,778 km
- Northern Ireland :
13,843 km
PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE

1.3. Population: 63.182

million
North Ireland: 1,810,863
(2.9%).
Scotland: 5,313,600
(8.4%)
Wales: 3,063,456
(4.8%)
England: 53,012,456
(84%)
PHYSICAL SETTING OF
BRITISH CULTURE
1.4. Topography: mostly
lowland terrain with low hill
- Upland or mountainous
terrain: north-west
Scotland: mountainous
-Highlands to the north and
west
- The lowlands to the south
and east
- The Highland Boundary
Fault
 PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE
Wales: mostly
mountainous
Ireland: Mourne
Mountains
The overall
geomorphology: shaped
by the combined forces
of tectonics and climate
change, in particular
glaciation
 PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE

Mountains
- Ben Nevis 1344 m
(Scotland)
- Snowdon 1085 m
(Wales)
- Scafell Pike 978 m
(England)
- Slieve Donard 850 m
(North Ireland)
Strikingly beautiful

Ben Nevis
PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE

Rivers
- River Severn (354 km - the
longest ) through both
Wales and England
- River Thames (346 km)
England
- River Tay (188 km)
Scotland
- River Bann (122 km) N.
Ireland
- River Tywi (103 km) Wales
River Severn
The Thames river
 PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE

Lakes:
- Lough Neagh
(381.74 km) - N. Ireland
- Loch Lomond
(71.12 km) Scotland
- Lake Windermere
(14.74 km) England
- Llyn Tegid (Bala Lake)
(4.84 km) Wales
PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE

Islands: over one

thousand small islands,
off the north and west
coasts of Scotland.
The Isle of Wight,
Anglesey, and the Scilly,
Orkney, Shetland, and
Hebridean archipelagos

the Isle of Wight

 PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE

Natural resources
- Geological: coal, petroleum, natural gas,
limestone, chalk, gypsum, silica, rock salt,
china clay, iron ore, tin, silver, gold, lead.
- Agricultural: arable land wheat, barley,
sheep
- potential for generating electricity from
wave power and tidal power
 PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE

1.5. Climate:
- a temperate
oceanic climate
- Generally, the
south of the
country is warmer
than the north
- The west is wetter
than the east
W
A
L
E
S
 PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE

- winds are
southwesterly, from
the North Atlantic
Current More than
50% of the days are
overcast, strong winds
and floods in winter.
- Average annual
rainfall: over 3,000 mm
(Scottish Highlands) -
553 mm (Cambridge)
PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE
England
- has warmer maximum
and minimum
temperatures
throughout the year
than the other areas of
the UK
- sunnier throughout
the year - the sunniest:
July
 PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE

Scotland
- has the coolest
weather - minimum
temperatures - 0.2 C
(January)
- the wettest country in
every month wettest:
January (170.5 mm)
- the cloudiest
(except in June and
July N.Ire.)
PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE
Northern
Ireland
- is warmer than
Scotland
- Sunshine totals
in every month
are just more
than those of
Scotland
 PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE
Wales
- has warmer
temperatures
throughout the year
than Scotland, milder
winter minima than
England
- Sunshine totals
throughout the year are
more than that of
Scotland and Northern
Ireland
PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE

Seasons
Spring: March - May
- Longer days
- relatively high
temperatures, drop off at
night due to the cool
oceans
- Early spring can be quite
cold snowy
 PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE

Summer
- June August
- the warmest and usually
the sunniest season
- Thunderstorms in
southern, eastern, and
central England - 35 C
(rarely)
- Scotland and northern
England have the coolest
summers
PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE
Autumn: September -
November
- polar air >< the warm
air of the tropics
Disturbance
The unsettled weather
of autumn
- winds of hurricane
- cold temperatures
cloudy
 PHYSICAL SETTING OF BRITISH CULTURE

Winter: December -
February
- Generally cool, wet and
windy
- Snowfall in Scottish
highlands and the
Pennines
- is often unsettled and
stormy; often the wettest
and windiest time of the
year.