Introduction and Definition

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when there is a blow to the head
or when the head slams against a stationary object (Hardman, 2011,
p. 396).

Bruising of the brain due to hitting the skull

Important nerves can be torn by violent stops
Can cause swelling of the brain
 What do you mean, Boromir?
(Characteristics)
TBI can cause issues with:
Cognition Problem-solving
Language Sensory abilities
Aphasia Perceptual abilities
Expressive Aphasia Motor abilities
Memory Psychosocial behavior
Attention Physical functions
Reasoning Information processing
Abstract thinking Speech
Judgment
(Hardman, 2011, p. 396, 400)
 Where do I get one of these?

Adult Causes Childhood Causes

Car accidents (most likely) Falling injuries
Other transportation accidents Physical abuse
Combat-related injuries Sports-related injuries

(Hardman, 2011, p. 397).

p. 396).
 Prevalence
1.4 Million new TBIs per year
About 50,000 die
About 235,000 hospitalized
475,000 are children (0-14 years)
80-90,000 permanently disabled

More than 5 million people in the US live with a TBI-related disability

Highest risk ages: Below 5yrs, 15-24 years, above 70yrs
More males than females
(Hardman, 2011, p. 397-9).
 Video Time!!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyyTX3UqmXQ
A veterans view of Life with TBI
Not the coolest beard ever!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LnRpuEEPDuc
A civilians view- You look fine!
Shes a little too close to the camera
Literature
Findings
 Vets with TBI- Give examples for Educators
Tinnitus
Another symptom of TBI- be cognizant of it
Anger
a completely understandable reaction
Need to be aware of the potential and how to respond to it
Educational qualifications
Fear of returning to the classroom
May need to ease back into daily life
(Daggett, 2013, p. 333-5)
 Vets with TBI in the classroom
Adding stimuli speeds up recall of info
Graphic Organizers- connect new and old knowledge
Direct Instruction- Shocker for the day- the most appropriate!
Reduces task difficulty
Uses scaffolding
Supportive feedback
Lots of individual practice
Be aware of lighting and noise levels in the classroom- avoid overload
(Helms, 2014, p. 15)
 References
Daggett, Virginia. S., Bakas, Tamilyn., Buelow, Janice., Habermann,
Barbara., & Murray, Laura. L. (2013). Needs and concerns of male combat
veterans with mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Rehabilitation
Research and Development, 50, 327-340.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2011.09.0168
Hardman, Michael. L., Drew, Clifford. J., & Egan, M. W., (2011). Human
exceptionality: School, community, and family. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Helms, Kimberly. T., & Libertz, Daniel., (2014). When service members with
traumatic brain injury become students: Methods to advance learning.
Adult Learning, 25(1), 11-19. doi: 10.1177/1045159513510145