U.

S History, Period 1
By: Ruthie Bowen, Nick Smith, Korrien Richards, & Suki Jeon
 Sacco and Vanzetti Trial
WHAT HAPPENED?

On April 15 of 1920, a paymaster for a shoe company was robbed and killed
along with his guards. Witnesses state that they saw Italian-looking men flee the
scene.

This event led to the incrimination of Sacco and Vanzetti (anarchists), who
carried guns-- one of them matching the bullets in the dead men-- when arrested.
The trial was highly controversial because neither man had a criminal record and
the anti-communist spirit was everywhere. Riots broke out and chaos ensued.
Though there wasnt a substantial amount of evidence to indicate that Sacco and
Vanzetti were guilty, they were still sentenced to death.
The accused

The people defend Sacco and

Vanzetti
 CONT
EVIDENCE

Over $15k was stolen from the Slater and Morrill Factory and an empty car was found
in the woods. The owner of the car, Boda, was suspected to have been the leader of the
gang that did the robbing because of a similar event that happened in another town.

WHAT WAS THE RESULT?

Boda, apparently having left the country, could not be found. Another controversial
aspect was the fact that a man in jail even confessed to participating in the crime, but the
court refused to upset the verdict.

In retrospect, only one of them was believed to be guilty. Governor Michael Dukakis
commented in 1977 on how badly they were treated and that they had not received a fair
trial (History 1).
 The 1925 KKK March Washington D.C
When was it?: August 8, 1925

How many people involved? : 25,000 members in full regalia to the city

Who was the KKK? : The KKK was a national fraternal organization founded on the premise of white
supremacy. They attacked the social and political rights of African Americans, immigrants, Catholics, and
Jews.

Who was involved? : Millions of its members succeeded in electing hundreds of KKK-backed candidates
to local, state, and even federal office.
 Key Points In The March
What Happened:

The morning of August 8, the Klansmen formed in white-robed ranks at the head of Pennsylvania Avenue.
They had to march with their visors raised and show their faces. They marched forth state by state, with
large banners proclaiming their faith. The long white robes made the procession extra hot more than a
hundred men and women wound up in the hospitals with dehydration and heat stroke.

As the columns wheeled south to march the final leg to the Washington Monument, large thunderheads
started to roll ominously overhead. The columns kept marching. Rain started to spit first a few sprinkles,
then a brief shower. The crowd started to get a bit edgy and the nervousness worked its way up to the
podium.

Amount of people involved in numbers of today: (25, 000) V.S. People involved of the 1920s

- More than 21,000 people die from hunger every day - 106,021,537 population of the U.S
- 25,000 women attended the March on Charlotte - 500,000 (1/10) of the pop. were immigrants in
NY
The Palmer Raids
Even after the end of WWI, fear and
civil unrest were commonplace.
Labor strikes and race riots were
everyday occurrences.
Adding to the tension was a string of
Bolshevik mail bombings in May of
1919. Popular opinion was that the
Bolsheviks were trying to take over
the U.S.
Another set of bombings followed in
June of the same year, and
destroyed Attorney General Mitchell
Palmers house.
Communism distorts our social law
The first raid took place on November 7,
1919, when federal troops broke into the
Union of Russian Workers. A second
raid on November 25 revealed a fake
wall hiding bomb-making materials.
Palmers fears of organized revolution
Palmer now had a foundation, and he believed
that the best way to prevent this
revolution was deportation of suspected
revolutionaries. The first round of
deportations placed 249 people on board
the USS Buford and sent them to
Russia.
In Full Swing
As the Red Scare progressed, arrests
and deportations became more and
more common.
The largest of the Palmer Raids
occurred in thirty-three American cities
on January 2, 1920. Estimates vary
over the actual number of arrests, but
most come out to 3-5,000 total, with
some as high as 10,000.
Many of these arrests occurred
without warrants, and some people
were arrested on the basis of having a
foreign accent.
The End
Public opinion regarding the Raids
changed quickly as word of Palmers
unconstitutional methods got around.
Citizens and government officials
questioned his brutal method of
dealing with a problem that no longer
seemed very relevant.
An embattled General Palmer
CLOSED
declared a Bolshevik uprising would Check back in
happen on May 1, 1920. When it thirty years

didnt, his credibility was destroyed.

The Palmer Raids came to an end.
Labor Unrest During the Red Scare
Unions demanded better
wages.
Immigrants were considered
unpatriotic and dangerous
Unions were labeled as
radical entities led by
Bolsheviks
Boston Police Strike
Happened on September 9, 1919
The American Federation of Labor (AFL)
created local police unions.
Confirmed the strength and growing influence
of unions.
Criminals took the opportunity to loot the city.
Governor of Massachusetts Calvin Coolidge
called out for the militia to help Harvard
students and faculty (were acting as a
volunteer force).
Boosted Calvin Coolidge to presidency.
Steel Mill Strike

Faced difficult working conditions, long

hours, and low wages
Inflation after the war made it
difficult for workers to stretch their pay
to cover their families basic needs
More than 350,000 steelworkers in the
Midwest went on strike from
September 1919 to January 1920
against the U.S Steel Corporation.
Coal Miners Strike
The United Mine Workers (UMW)
led by John L. Lewis demanded
wage increase.
UMWs demand was denied by US
attorney General Palmer.
400,000 coal miners walked off
their jobs in November, 1919
Sources
Buchanan, Matthew. "August 8, 1925: Klan Marches on Washington." The Daily Dose. The Daily Dose, n.d. Web. 23 Jan.
2017. <http://www.awb.com/dailydose/?p=356>.

Rosenzweig, Roy. "Histories of the National Mall | Ku Klux Klan Rally." Omeka RSS. Histories of the National Mall, n.d.
Web. 23 Jan. 2017. <http://mallhistory.org/items/show/175>.

Sacco and Vanzetti Slide

"The Case of Sacco and Vanzetti." The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2017.

History.com Staff. "Sacco and Vanzetti Executed." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2010. Web. 23 Jan. 2017.

History.com Staff. "The Sacco-Vanzetti Case Draws National Attention." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 23 Jan. 2017.
Sources (cont.)
Palmer Raids - Dehler, Gregory. "Palmer Raids." Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica, Inc., 14 Nov. 2013. Web. 23
Jan. 2017.

Labor Unrest:

"Labor Unrest in the 1920s." The Classroom | Synonym. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2017.

"The Boston Police Department Goes on Strike." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2017.

"Great Steel Strike of 1919." Great Steel Strike of 1919 - Ohio History Central. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2017.

"The Coal Strike of 1919 in Indiana County and Its Aftermath." The Coal Strike of 1919 in Indiana County and Its Aftermath -
Unions and Mining - Coal Culture Projects - Special Collections and University Archives - Departments - IUP Libraries - IUP.
N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2017.