Muhammad salman Khan

M.Sc. Mechanical Engineering (2012-)

UET Lahore
B.Sc. Mechanical Engineering (2008-12)
UET Khuzdar

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 Composite material is a system composed of two or
more physical distinct phases whose combination
produces aggregate properties that are different from
those of its constituents

Advantages;

Strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios

are several times greater than steels or aluminum

Better fatigue properties, higher corrosion

resistance

Better appearance and control of surface

smoothness
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Disadvantages and limitations;

1) An-isotropic properties; directional based

properties

2) Chemical attack vulnerability

3) Composite materials are generally expansive

4) Manufacturing methods for shaping composite

materials are slow and costly

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Composites Components;

1) Matrix:

This primary phase of composites. It could be

polymers, metals or ceramics

2) Reinforcing agent:

The secondary phase imbedded in matrix, usually

serves to strengthen the composite

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Composites Components;

1) Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs): mixture of

ceramics and metals, i.e. Cemented carbide

2) Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs): least common

catagory, i.e. Aluminum oxide and silicon carbide

3) Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs):

Thermosetting resins are the most widely
polymers, i.e. epoxy and polyster

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Reinforcing Phase;
The shape of reinforcing agents changes properties
of composites.
Fibers: Fibers are filaments reinforcing
Generally circular in
cross-section, but
tubular, rectangular and
hexagonal shapes are
possbile.
Continuous Or
discontinuous fibers
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Reinforcing Phase;
Glass Fibers: Most widely used, two common glass
fibers;
E-glass: Strong, low cost
S-glass: stiffer, highest tensile strength, expansive
Carbon Fibers: combination of graphite and
amorphous carbon
High-modulus, high stiffness, low density, low
thermal expansion

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Reinforcing Phase;
Boron Fibers: Very high elastic modulus, high cost.

Kevlar 49 Fibers: Highly crystalline polyamide, It

has one of best strength-to-weight ratio.

Cermaics Fibers: Silicon carbide (SiC) and

Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) are the major fiber
materials among ceramics. High elastic modulus. It
can strengthen low-density, low modulus metals

Metals Fibers: Steel filaments, both continuous

and discontinuous are used as reinforcing fibers in
plastics
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Questions

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