AIR POLLUTION

APARNA M AJAY
AIR POLLUTION - DEFINITION
 Definition

Air pollution may be defined as

any atmospheric condition in which certain
substances are present in such
concentrations that they can produce
undesirable effects on man and his
environment.
 MAN MADE

. Emissions from
industries and
manufacturing
activities
. Burning Fossil Fuels

Household and
Farming Chemicals
 NATURAL AIR POLLUTION

Air pollution can result from both human

and natural actions. Natural events that
pollute the air include forest fires, volcanic
eruptions, wind erosion, pollen dispersal,
evaporation of organic compounds and
natural radioactivity. Pollution from natural
occurrences is not very often.
COMMON AIR POLLUTANTS
 Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Pollutants factsFuel combustion from vehicles and
engines.
Pollutants factsReduces the amount of oxygen reaching
the bodys organs and tissues; aggravates heart
disease, resulting in chest pain and other symptoms.

Ground-level Ozone (O3)

Pollutants factsSecondary pollutant formed by chemical
reaction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and NOx
in the presence of sunlight.
Pollutants factsDecreases lung function and causes
respiratory symptoms, such as coughing and shortness
of breath, and also makes asthma and other lung
diseases get worse. More on Ground Level Ozone Here
 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Lead (Pb)
Pollutants factsSmelters (metal refineries) and other metal
industries; combustion of leaded gasoline in piston engine aircraft;
waste incinerators (waste burners), and battery manufacturing.
Damages the developing nervous system, resulting in IQ loss and
impacts on learning, memory, and behavior in children.
Cardiovascular and renal effects in adults and early effects related
to anaemia.

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Pollutants factsFuel combustion (electric utilities, big industrial
boilers, vehicles) and wood burning.
Pollutants facts Worsens lung diseases leading to respiratory
symptoms, increased susceptibility to respiratory infection.
 Particulate Matter (PM)
Pollutants factsThis is formed through chemical
reactions, fuel combustion (e.g., burning coal, wood,
diesel), industrial processes, farming (plowing, field
burning), and unpaved roads or during road
constructions.
Pollutants factsShort-term exposures can worsen heart
or lung diseases and cause respiratory problems. Long-
term exposures can cause heart or lung disease and
sometimes premature deaths.

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

Pollutants factsSO2 comes from fuel combustion (especially high-
sulfur coal); electric utilities and industrial processes as well as
natural occurences like volcanoes.
Pollutants factsAggravates asthma and makes breathing difficult. It
also contributes to particle formation with associated health effects.
Indoor air pollution
SECONDARY POLLUTANTS
SMOG
Effects of AIR POLLUTION
 AIR QUALITY INDEX

An AQI value over 300 represents

hazardous air quality and below 50 the air
quality is good. The AQI is based on the
five "criteria" pollutants regulated under
the Clean Air Act: ground-level ozone,
particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur
dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide
Methods to prevent and control air pollution
 Prevention and correction of air polution at
source
Installation of pollution control equipments
Diffusion of pollutants
Plant the trees.
zoning
disinfecting the air
 AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION AND
CONTROLCONTROL
CONTAINMENT
REPLACEMENT
DILUTION
LEGISLATION
INTERNATIONAL ACTION
 Containment

PREVENTION OF THE ESCAPE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN TO

THE AMBIENT AIR.IT CAN BE ACHIEVED BY VARIETY OF
ENGINEERING METHODS SUCH AS
ENCLOSURE,VENTILLATION AND AIR CLEANING
 REPLACEMENT

This is replacing a technological process

causing air pollution by a new process that
doesnot. Increase the use of
electricity,Natural gas and central heating
in place of coal have greatly helped in
smoke reduction.
 Dilution

DILUTION IS VALID SO LONG AS IT IS

WITH IN THE SELF CLEANING
CAPACITY OF THE
ENVIRONMENT,SOME AIR
POLLUTANTS ARE REDILY REMOVED
BY VEGETATION

ESTSBLISHMENT OF GREEN BELTS

 LEGISLATION

AIR POLLUTION IS CONTROLLED IN

MANY COUNTRIES BY SUITABLE
LEGISLATION

EG: CLEAN AIR ACTS

 INTERNATIONAL ACTION

WHO HAS ESTABLISHED AN

INTERNATIONAL NET WORK OF
LABORITARIES FOR MONITORING THE
STUDY OF AIR POLLUTION.