Today in History 1577 - Drake sets out to raid Spanish ships, returning 3 years later after circumnavigating the Earth. 1642 Dutch explorer Abel Tasman spots New Zealand. Results of Ingenuity Better transportation Better communications Better industry Better health and medical services Results of Ingenuity Better Communications Electricity sending electrical impulses by wire. Telegraph invented by Samuel Morse, he sent coded messages through wire by using electrical impulses. The first wire ran from Washington D.C. to Baltimore. May 24, 1844 Morse transmitted his first message: What hath God wrought! Results of Ingenuity Better Communications It is His work, and He alone could have carried me thus far through all my trials and enabled me to triumph over obstacles, physical and moral, which opposed me. Samuel Morse Results of Ingenuity Better Communications Morse Code letters are represented by dashes and dots. Messages could be transmitted long distances quickly for the first time in history. http://w3ttt.listen2myradio.com/ Results of Ingenuity Better Communications Pony Express young men would use horses to carry the mail in a relay over long distances. Every 10 miles a rider would get a new horse. After 8 transfers, a new rider would take the mail bag and continue riding. Mail would go from St. Joseph, Missouri to San Francisco, California in 10 days. Results of Ingenuity Better Communications Transatlantic Cable Matthew Maury studied currents and ocean winds to determine where would be the best place to lay a cable across the Atlantic. Pathfinder of the Seas Results of Ingenuity Better Communications 1858 two American ships laid the first cable from Newfoundland and Ireland, meeting in the middle with insulated copper wire and splicing it together. August 17, 1858 first message was sent to England. Glory to God in the highest, on earth peace, and good will to men. Results of Ingenuity Better Communications Cyrus Field the entrepreneur behind the transatlantic cable. The cable failed after just a few months and a permanent one wasnt replaced until 1866. Results of Ingenuity Advances in Medical Science Surgery was incredibly painful and dangerous because patients would be conscious through the procedure. In May 1842 Crawford Long used the gas ether to put his patient into a deep sleep while performing surgery. William Morton also used ether in Boston. Results of Ingenuity Advances in Medical Science Horace Wells used nitrous oxide in dental work. Anesthesia the absence of pain Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman M.D. in the U.S. in 1849. Her sister also became a doctor and they opened a clinic in NYC to help poor women and children Results of Ingenuity Practical Benefits to Families Cities were growing rapidly, which led to pollution, crowded conditions and poor hygiene. Clean Water iron and concrete were used to make aqueducts and iron pipes led to plumbing and cleaner water for cooking, drinking and bathing. Infections water-borne diseases decreased. Results of Ingenuity Practical Benefits to Families Heating with water and steam made for warmer homes. Gas-powered lights in homes and on streets Kerosene was used widely Machines produced goods that were cheaper and more available for everyone. clothing, stoves, iceboxes, furniture, etc. Results of Ingenuity Practical Benefits to Families Applied Science using scientific knowledge for practical, every day use