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American History

Wednesday, December 13th


Today in History
1577 - Drake sets out to raid Spanish ships,
returning 3 years later after circumnavigating the
Earth.
1642 Dutch explorer Abel Tasman spots New
Zealand.
Results of Ingenuity
Better transportation
Better communications
Better industry
Better health and medical services
Results of Ingenuity
Better Communications
Electricity sending electrical impulses by wire.
Telegraph invented by Samuel Morse, he sent
coded messages through wire by using electrical
impulses.
The first wire ran from Washington D.C. to
Baltimore.
May 24, 1844 Morse transmitted his first
message: What hath God wrought!
Results of Ingenuity
Better Communications
It is His work, and He alone could have
carried me thus far through all my trials and
enabled me to triumph over obstacles, physical
and moral, which opposed me. Samuel
Morse
Results of Ingenuity
Better Communications
Morse Code letters are represented by dashes
and dots.
Messages could be transmitted long distances
quickly for the first time in history.
http://w3ttt.listen2myradio.com/
Results of Ingenuity
Better Communications
Pony Express young men would use horses to
carry the mail in a relay over long distances.
Every 10 miles a rider would get a new horse.
After 8 transfers, a new rider would take the
mail bag and continue riding.
Mail would go from St. Joseph, Missouri to San
Francisco, California in 10 days.
Results of Ingenuity
Better Communications
Transatlantic Cable Matthew Maury studied
currents and ocean winds to determine where
would be the best place to lay a cable across the
Atlantic.
Pathfinder of the Seas
Results of Ingenuity
Better Communications
1858 two American ships laid the first cable
from Newfoundland and Ireland, meeting in
the middle with insulated copper wire and
splicing it together.
August 17, 1858 first message was sent to
England.
Glory to God in the highest, on earth peace, and
good will to men.
Results of Ingenuity
Better Communications
Cyrus Field the entrepreneur behind the
transatlantic cable.
The cable failed after just a few months and a
permanent one wasnt replaced until 1866.
Results of Ingenuity
Advances in Medical Science
Surgery was incredibly painful and dangerous
because patients would be conscious through
the procedure.
In May 1842 Crawford Long used the gas
ether to put his patient into a deep sleep while
performing surgery.
William Morton also used ether in Boston.
Results of Ingenuity
Advances in Medical Science
Horace Wells used nitrous oxide in dental
work.
Anesthesia the absence of pain
Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman
M.D. in the U.S. in 1849. Her sister also
became a doctor and they opened a clinic in
NYC to help poor women and children
Results of Ingenuity
Practical Benefits to Families
Cities were growing rapidly, which led to
pollution, crowded conditions and poor
hygiene.
Clean Water iron and concrete were used to
make aqueducts and iron pipes led to plumbing
and cleaner water for cooking, drinking and
bathing.
Infections water-borne diseases decreased.
Results of Ingenuity
Practical Benefits to Families
Heating with water and steam made for
warmer homes.
Gas-powered lights in homes and on streets
Kerosene was used widely
Machines produced goods that were cheaper
and more available for everyone.
clothing, stoves, iceboxes, furniture, etc.
Results of Ingenuity
Practical Benefits to Families
Applied Science using scientific knowledge for
practical, every day use

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