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Scheduling:PERT/CPM
13
2014
2014
Pearson
Pearson
Education
Education 3-1
Project Scheduling Techniques
1. Ensure that all activities
are planned for
2. Their order of
performance is
accounted for
3. The activity time
estimates are recorded
4. The overall project time is developed
Time
J F M A M J J A S
Design
Prototype
Test
Revise
Production
2014
2014
Pearson
Pearson
Education
Education 3-8
PERT and CPM
Network techniques
Developed in 1950s
CPM by DuPont for chemical plants (1957)
PERT by Booz, Allen & Hamilton with the U.S.
Navy, for Polaris missile (1958)
Consider precedence relationships and
interdependencies
Each uses a different estimate of activity
times
C and D cannot
A C begin until both A C
(d) A and B are
completed
B D B D
B and C cannot
begin until A is
completed
A B D D cannot begin A B D
until both B and C
(f) are completed Dummy
A dummy activity activity
C
C
is again
introduced in AOA
Activity A
A
(Build Internal Components)
Start
Activity B
Start B (Modify Roof and Floor)
Activity
Figure 3.5
A C
Start
B D
F
A C
E
Start H
B D G
Activity Name
or Symbol
A Earliest
Earliest ES EF Finish
Start
Latest LS LF Latest
Start 2 Finish
Activity Duration
2014 Pearson Education 3 - 24
Forward Pass
Begin at starting event and work forward
EF = ES + Activity time
ES EF = ES + Activity time
Start
0 0
2 EF of B =
ES ES of B + 3
0
Start
0 of B
B
0 0 3
3
2014 Pearson Education 3 - 29
ES/EF Network for Milwaukee
Paper
A C
0 2 2 4
2 2
Start
0 0
B
0 3
2 2
Start
0 0
= Max (2, 3) D
0
3 7
B
0 3
3
4
2014 Pearson Education 3 - 31
ES/EF Network for Milwaukee
Paper
A C
0 2 2 4
2 2
Start
0 0
B D
0 3 3 7
3 4
2 2 3
Start E H
0 0 4 8 13 15
0 4 2
B D G
0 3 3 7 8 13
3 4 5
Figure 3.10
2014 Pearson Education 3 - 33
Backward Pass
Begin with the last event and work backwards
Latest Finish Time Rule:
LS = LF Activity time
2 2 3
Start E H
0 0 4 8 13 15
13 15
0 4 2
B D Activity timeG
LS = LF
0 3 3 7 8 13
3 4 5 LF = EF
of Project
2014 Pearson Education 3 - 36
LS/LF Times for
Milwaukee Paper
A C F
0 2 2 4 4 7
10 13
2 2 3
Start E H
0 0
LF 4= Min(LS
8 of 13 15
following activity) 13 15
0 4 2
B D G
0 3 3 7 8 13
3 4 5
2 4 10 13
2 2 3
Start E H
0 0 4 8 13 15
4 8 13 15
0 4 2
B D G
0 3 3 7 8 13
8 13
3 4 5
0 2 2 4 10 13
2 2 3
Start E H
0 0 4 8 13 15
0 0 4 8 13 15
0 4 2
B D G
0 3 3 7 8 13
1 4 4 8 8 13
3 4 5
Slack = LS ES or Slack = LF EF
0 2 2 4 10 13
2 2 3
Start E H
0 0 4 8 13 15
0 0 4 8 13 15
0 4 2
B D G
0 3 3 7 8 13
1 4 4 8 8 13
3 4 5
A Build internal
components
B Modify roof and floor
C Construct collection
stack
D Pour concrete and
install frame
E Build high-temperature
burner
F Install pollution control
system
G Install air pollution
device
H Inspect and test
A Build internal
components
B Modify roof and floor
C Construct collection
stack
D Pour concrete and
install frame
E Build high-temperature
burner
F Install pollution control
system
G Install air pollution
device
H Inspect and test
t = (a + 4m + b)/6
Variance of
Probability
1 in 100 of
oftimes:
Probability of
Probability
Activity
Time
MOST
OPTIMISTIC LIKELY PESSIMISTIC EXPECTED TIME VARIANCE
ACTIVITY a m b t = (a + 4m + b)/6 [(b a)/6]2
A 1 2 3 2 .11
B 2 3 4 3 .11
C 1 2 3 2 .11
D 2 4 6 4 .44
E 1 4 7 4 1.00
F 1 2 9 3 1.78
G 3 4 11 5 1.78
H 1 2 3 2 .11
15 Weeks
(Expected Completion Time)
.5 = due .69497
Z.69146 expected.71566
date /s
.71904
p
date of completion
.6 .72575 .72907 .74857 .75175
= (16 wks 15 wks)/1.76
15 16 Time
Weeks Weeks
Figure 3.13
$30,000
Normal
Normal
Cost
| | |
1 2 3 Time (Weeks)
Figure 3.15
Crash Time Normal Time
2014 Pearson Education 3 - 67
Critical Path and Slack Times
for Milwaukee Paper
Figure 3.16
A C F
0 2 2 4 4 7
0 2 2 4 10 13
2 2 3
0 0 4 8 13 15
0 4 2
B D Slack = 0 G Slack = 0
0 3 3 7 8 13
1 4 4 8 8 13
3 4 5
Program 3.1
Program 3.2
2014 Pearson Education 3 - 74
Using Microsoft Project
Pollution Project
Percentage Completed on
Aug. 12
ACTIVITY COMPLETED
A 100
B 100
C 100
D 10
E 20
F 20
G 0
H 0 Program 3.3