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Anatomy
Incidence
Risk factors
Symptoms
Subtypes
Staging
Diagnosis
Treatment

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ANATOMY OF THE LARYNX
The larynx is an organ in the throat.
Its at the front of your neck.

Its cartilages. *

It consists of three main parts.*

It has 2 groups of muscles

Extrinsic & Intrinsic.
CANCER CELLS
INCIDENCE
Larynx CA. is the most common
head & neck cancer.
Male: female = 4:1
>90% squamous cell cancer.
Glottic CA most common in
Caucasian.
Glottic CA = supraglottic in African
American.
RISK FACTORS
Tobacco smoking

Alcohol

HPV infection in the throat

The backward flow of

liquid from the stomach
to the throat.
SYMPTOMS
1- Changes to voice
2- Swelling or lump in neck or throat.
3- Difficulty swallowing.
4- Earache that doesnt get better.
5- Feeling breathless.
6- Cough that doesnt go away.

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SUBTYPES
1- Supraglottic cancer : 40%
2- Glottic cancer : 59%
3- Subglottic cancer: 1%

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STAGING
Early cancer: Stage 0, 1, or 2

Stage 0 Stage 1
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STAGING
Advanced cancer: Stage 3 or 4

Stage 3
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DIAGNOSIS

History

Physical
examination
 Indirect
laryngoscopy

Direct
laryngoscopy

Biopsy
CT and MRI
TREATMENT

Before Treatment

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TREATMENT

Methods:
1. Radiotherapy
2. Chemotherapy
3. Targeted therapy
4. Surgery

Choice of Treatment
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 Radiotherapy

When is it used?

Side effects

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 Chemotherapy
For patients of advanced stage
laryngeal cancer

Side effects

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 Targeted Therapy

Maybe given with radiotherapy

Much more specific than chemotherapy

Cetuximab: the first approved targeted

therapy for Laryngeal cancer

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SURGICAL OPTIONS

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 Surgery

Trans- oral laser microsurgery

Laryngectomy
Partial laryngectomy
Total laryngectomy

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 TOTAL LARYNGECTOMY

Indications:
T3 or T4 unfit for partial

Extensive involvement
of thyroid and cricoid
cartilages

Invasion of neck soft tissues

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Total laryngectomy specimen

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Post total laryngectomy

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VOICE RESTORATION

Esophageal speech

Tracheo-esophageal puncture

Electrolarynx

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Esophageal speech

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Tracheo-esophageal puncture
(TEP)

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Electrolarynx

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