Engine Dissection Project

Your team is dissecting a 3.5 HP

single cylinder, 4 cycle engine,
made by Briggs and Stratton in
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

These engines are typically used

in lawn mowers, snow blowers,
go-carts, etc

(ref. 2, Used by permission of Briggs and Statton, ©1992, all rights reserved)
Engine Dissection Project

 Start engine.
 Disassemble engine.
 Review parts and functions – Ask questions!
 Reassemble engine.
 Re-start engine.
 Write individual report on how engine works.
4 Cycle Process
Intake Valve Exhaust Valve 4
1 2 Exhaust 3
Intake
Manifold Manifold

Spark
Cylinder Plug

Piston

Connecting
Crank
Rod
Crankcase

Compression Stroke Power Stroke Exhaust Stroke

Intake Stroke
Intake valve opens,
admitting fuel and air.
Exhaust valve closed
for most of stroke
Fuel-air mixture burns,
Both valves closed, Exhaust valve open,
Fuel/air mixture is increasing temperature exhaust products are
and pressure, expansion
compressed by rising displaced from cylinder.
piston. Spark ignites of combustion gases Intake valve opens
drives piston down. Both
mixture near end of near end of stroke.
stroke. valves closed - exhaust
valve opens near end
of stroke
1. Intake 2. Compression

3. Power 4. Exhaust
Reciprocating to rotary motion
The pistons & crankshaft
Image from:
http://www.eng.iastate.edu/explorer/topics/car/engine.htm
Piston, crankshaft,
& fly wheel
Image from:
www.web-masters.com/ gms/crank_p.html
Piston
Image from:
www.rbracing-rsr.com/ 113orca.htm
darryl.hudson.home.mindspring.com/
ww.eng.iastate.edu/explorer/topics/car/engine.htm
Crankshaft

Image from :
toyotaperformance.com/crankshaft_kits.htm
Several common types of car engine arrangement
Image from :
Automotive mechanics, 8th ed. By William H. Crouse

4 cylinder in-line
V-6 Flat-4 engine

6 cylinder in-line V-8 Flat-6 engine

 Power strokes in 2 crankshaft rotations
Why you need flywheel
Image from :
Automotive mechanics, 8th ed. By William H. Crouse

4 cylinder 6 cylinder 8 cylinder

Output Output Output

torque torque torque

time time time

Valve Mechanisms: rocker

How you get the valve

right timing
push rod
Image from :
Automotive mechanics, 8th ed. By William H. Crouse

piston

valve lifter
camshaft

cam

crankshaft
Timing marks
 Lubrication
Image from :
Automotive mechanics, 8th ed. By William H. Crouse
 Venturi-type Carburetor
The carburetor of our engine
Choke Throttle
Venturi

Higher Pressure
Outside Engine

Fuel
 How do engines work?

How does the engine complete these Primary Functions?

 Get started?
 Suck in fuel?
 Suck in air?
 Mix air and fuel?
 Compress the mixture?
 Ignite the mixture (at the right time)?
 Make the combusting gases do work?
 Make the work available to somebody?
 Exhaust the gases?
 Shut off?

Hint Think about the parts and processes involved for each.
 How do engines work?

How does the engine complete these Secondary Functions?

 Stay lubricated?
 Operate the valves at the right time?
 Smooth out the power pulses?
 Store the fuel?
 Keep cool?
 Make it easy to start?

Hint Think about the parts and processes involved for each.
Some variations:
Fuel Injection (electronic, multi-port)

Monitored Engine
Operating Conditions:
TRIGGER COMPUTER Manifold Pressure
Engine Speed
Air Temperature
Coolant Temperature
Acceleration

INJECTOR DRIVE UNIT

Pressure Regulator Fuel Fuel

50 psi typical Filter Pump

Injectors

FUEL TANK
More variations: Valve spring
Rocker

OHC( overhead camshaft): Valve lifter

Valve Camshaft
DOHC, SOHC…… Piston
Image from :
Automotive mechanics, 8th ed. By William H. Crouse
Connecting
rod

Crankshaft
More variations:
VTEC( Variable valve timing and lift electronic control)
2 Stroke Process (for comparison)

Compression Combustion Exhaust Scavenging

(ports closed) (ports closed) (intake port closed) and Intake
Air Taken Into (ports open)
Crankcase Air compressed in crankcase
 Wankel Rotary Engine
•Smoother
•Engine is continuously moving in one direction
rather than changing direction like in piston
engines.
•Slower
•Main moving parts move slower which increase
the reliability of the engine.
•Fewer Moving Parts
•The rotary engine consists of three main moving
parts while a piston engine contains at least 40
moving parts.
•Challenges
•Passing the US Emissions tests.
•Manufacturing costs are higher.
•Consumes more fuel.
This presentation created by former ENGR 100 students Sam Henry, Thomas Munsey, Grayson Deitering, Daniel Munro