ASSIGNMENT 1

 DETAILS OF AN ELECTRICAL
APPLIANCE
 Vacuum cleaner
 VACUUM CLEANER :
 A vacuum cleaner is a device that uses an air pump (a centrifugal fan in all but some of the very
oldest models), to create a partial vacuum to suck up dust and dirt, usually from floors, and from
other surfaces such as upholstery and draperies.
 The dirt is collected by either a dust bag or a cyclone for later disposal.
 Vacuum cleaners, which are used in homes as well as in industry, exist in a variety of sizes and
models—small battery-powered hand-held devices, wheeled canister models for home use,
domestic central vacuum cleaners, huge stationary industrial appliances that can handle
several hundred litres of dust before being emptied, and self-propelled vacuum trucks for
recovery of large spills or removal of contaminated soil. Specialized shop vacuums can be used
to suck up both dust and liquids.
HISTORY :
The vacuum cleaner evolved from the carpet sweeper via manual vacuum cleaners. The
first manual models, using bellows, were developed in the 1860s, and the first motorized
designs appeared at the turn of the 20th century, with the first decade being the boom
decade.
DOMESTIC VACUUM CLEANER :
The first vacuum-cleaning device to be portable and marketed at the domestic market
was built in 1905 by Walter Griffiths, a manufacturer in Birmingham, England. it was
portable, easy to store, and powered by "any one person (such as the ordinary domestic
servant)", who would have the task of compressing a bellows-like contraption to suck up
dust through a removable, flexible pipe, to which a variety of shaped nozzles could be
attached.
MOTORIZED VACUUM CLEANER :
The motorized vacuum cleaner was invented by Hubert Cecil Booth of England in 1901.

In 1860 a carpet sweeper was

invented by Daniel Hess
of West Union, Iowa that
gathered dust with a rotating
brush and a bellows for
generating suction
UPRIGHT :
Upright vacuum cleaners are popular in the United States,
Britain and numerous Commonwealth countries, but very
unusual in Continental Europe. They take the form of a
cleaning head, onto which a handle and bag are attached.
Upright designs generally employ a rotating brush roll or
beater bar, which removes dirt through a combination of
sweeping and vibration. There are two types of upright
vacuums; dirty-air/direct fan (found mostly on commercial
vacuums), or clean-air/fan-bypass (found on most of today's
domestic vacuum.

CANISTER :
Canister models (in the UK also often called cylinder models)
dominate the European market. They have the motor and dust
collector (using a bag or bag less) in a separate unit, usually
mounted on wheels, which is connected to the vacuum head
by a flexible hose.
Their main advantage is flexibility, as the user can attach
different heads for different tasks, and manoeuvrability (the
head can reach under furniture and makes it very easy to
vacuum stairs and vertical surfaces).
DRUM :
Drum or shop vac models are essentially heavy-duty industrial versions of cylinder vacuum
cleaners, where the canister consists of a large vertically positioned drum which can be stationary
or on wheels. Smaller versions, for use in garages or small workshops, are usually electrically
powered. Larger models, which can store over 200 litres (53 US gallons).

WET/DRY :
Wet or wet/dry vacuum cleaners (commonly known by the generic trademark Shop-Vac) are a
specialized form of the cylinder/drum models that can be used to clean up wet or liquid spills.
They are generally designed to be used both indoors and outdoors and to accommodate both wet
and dry debris; some are also equipped with an exhaust port or detachable blower for reversing
the airflow, a useful function for everything from clearing a clogged hose to blowing dust into a
corner for easy collection.

PNEUMATIC :
Pneumatic or pneumatic wet/dry
vacuum cleaners are a specialized
form of wet/dry models that hook
up to compressed air. They
commonly can accommodate
both wet and dry soilage, a
useful feature in industrial plants
and manufacturing facilities.
 BACKPACK :
Backpack vacuum cleaners are commonly used
for commercial cleaning: they allow the user to
move rapidly about a large area. They are
essentially small canister vacuums strapped
onto the user's back.
HANDHELD VACUUM CLEANERS :
Lightweight hand-held vacuum cleaners, either powered
from rechargeable batteries or mains power, are also
popular for cleaning up smaller spills. Some battery-
powered handheld vacuums are wet/dry rated; the
appliance must be partially disassembled and cleaned
after picking up wet materials, to avoid developing
unpleasant odours.
Examples:
Black & Decker Dust Buster 1979
ROBOTIC :
These machines move autonomously while collecting surface
dust and debris into a dustbin. They can usually navigate
around furniture and come back to a docking station to
charge their batteries, and a few are able to empty their dust
containers into the dock as well.
Most models are equipped with motorized brushes and a
vacuum motor to collect dust and debris. While most robotic
vacuum cleaners are designed for home use, some models
are appropriate for operation in offices, hotels, hospitals, etc.
CYCLONIC :
Portable vacuum cleaners working on the cyclonic
separation principle became popular in the 1990s. This dirt
separation principle was well known and often used in central
vacuum systems.
Cyclonic cleaners do not use filtration bags. Instead, the dust
is separated in a detachable cylindrical collection vessel or bin.
Air and dust are sucked at high speed into the collection vessel
at a direction tangential to the vessel wall, creating a fast-
spinning vortex. The dust particles and other debris move to
the outside of the vessel by centrifugal force, where they fall
due to gravity.
CENTRAL VACUUM CLEANERS :
Central vacuum cleaners, also known as built-
in or ducted, are a type of canister/cylinder
model which has the motor and dirt filtration
unit located in a central location in a building,
and connected by pipes to fixed vacuum
inlets installed throughout the building.
Only the hose and cleaning head need be carried from room to room, and the hose is
commonly 8 m (25 ft) long, allowing a large range of movement without changing
vacuum inlets. Plastic or metal piping connects the inlets to the central unit. The
vacuum head may be unpowered, or have beaters operated by an electric motor or
by an air-driven turbine.
SPECIFICATIONS :
The performance of a vacuum cleaner can be measured by several parameters:
o Airflow, in litres per second [l/s] or cubic feet per minute (CFM or ft³/min)
o Air speed, in metres per second [m/s] or miles per hour [mph]
o Suction, vacuum, or water lift, in Pascal's [Pa] or inches of water
Other specifications of a vacuum cleaner are:
o Weight, in kilograms [kg] or pounds [lb]
o Noise, in decibels [dB]
o Power cord length and hose length (as applicable)
SUCTION :
The suction is the maximum pressure difference that the pump can create. For example, a typical
domestic model has a suction of about negative 20 kPa. This means that it can lower the pressure
inside the hose from normal atmospheric pressure (about 100 kPa) by 20 kPa.
The higher the suction rating, the more powerful the cleaner. One inch of water is equivalent to
about 249 Pa; hence, the typical suction is 80 inches (2,000 mm) of water.
INPUT POWER :
The power consumption of a vacuum cleaner, in watts, is often the only figure stated. Many North
American vacuum manufacturers give the current only in amperes (e.g. "6 amps"), and the consumer
is left to multiply that by the line voltage of 120 volts to get the approximate power ratings in watts.
The rated input power does not indicate the effectiveness of the cleaner, only how much electricity it
consumes.
After 1 September 2014, due to EU rules, manufacture of vacuum cleaners with a power
consumption greater than 1600 watts will be banned, and from 2017 no vacuum cleaner with a
wattage greater than 900 watts will be permitted.
CONCLUSION:

A vacuum cleaner is a household cleaning appliance which uses an air pump to suck up dirt,
dust and debris from surfaces. There are many different models, designs and sizes for
vacuum cleaners, ranging from small and portable to large industrial models. A regular sized
household vacuum cleaner will use between 500 and 3000 watts of energy, an average best
selling model will use around 1400 watts.
The energy consumption per year of a vacuum cleaner using 1400 Watts for 30 minutes a
day @ $0.10 or 6.67 indian rupee per a kWh is $25.55