Prepared By : Nabin Gumanju, Nagendra Mahatara,

Nikesh Tyata, Niraj Garu

Table of Contents

 List of Figures
 List of Tables
 Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP)
 Introduction
 Sources of wastewater
 Sewage treatment in Kathmandu valley
 Guheswari Wastewater Treatment Plant
 Activated Sludge System in Guheswari WWTP
 Operation Challenges
 Conclusion and Recommendation
 List of Figures

 Fig.1 Guheswari Wastewater Treatment Plant

 Fig.2 Operation of Guheswari Wastewater Treatment Plant
 Fig.2 Schematic diagram of activated sludge process

 List of Tables

 Table 1: Design and operational parameters of Guheswori WWTP (BASP, 2002; Shah, 2002;
Darnal,
 2002 and Khatiwada et al.
Acknowledgement

We would like to thank our subject teacher Er. Razim Ganesh sir and the department of
civil engineering Khwopa Engineering College for providing us with such great
opportunity to go for a field visit and enhance our vision. We would like to thank all the
staffs of GWWTP for helping and cooperating kindly with us and sharing all the
information about the plant.
Introduction
Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and
household sewage, both effluents and domestic. It includes chemical and biological
processes to remove contaminants on the wastewater.

The major objective of sewage treatment is to produce an environmentally safe fluid

waste stream and a solid waste suitable for disposal or reuse without causing harm to
the surrounding environment, and prevent pollution.
SOURCES OF WASTE WATER
 Human sewage
 Sanitation water
 Rainfall water collected on roofs, yards, hard-standings
 Domestic sources
 Industrial waste
 Highway drainage
Sewage Treatment in Kathmandu valley
There has not been as much development in sewage treatment process in
Kathmandu valley as that has been in other sectors. The major way of sewage
disposal was to directly discharge it into rivers and lakes or in pits. Lately due to
rapid population growth in the valley areas these methods couldn’t solve the
problem of sewage disposal and resulted into environment pollution and spread
various diseases. Then with the help of foreign countries some of the treatment
plants have been constructed. The Dhobighat plant of capacity 15.4 MLD and
Kodku plant of capacity 1.5 MLD served for some years for the waste water
treatment but due to improper maintenance and Lack of proper skilled
personnel these plants finally collapsed within a short time period. Now there is
only one waste water treatment plant that is functioning and it is Guheswari
waste water treatment plant.
Guheswari Wastewater Treatment plant
Guheswari waste water treatment plant is the only one plant that is fully
operating in the valley and it includes the activated sludge process.
Location : on the bank of Bagmati river at northeast part of Kathmandu city
Area : about 5ha
Serving area : includes the area bouddha, Chabahil, Gokarna, Jorpati
Waste water type : household and industrial
Estimated population : about 198000
Design capacity : 0.19 m^3/s
Activated sludge system
The activated sludge process is a type of wastewater treatment process for
treating sewage or industrial wastewaters using aeration and a biological floc
composed of bacteria and protozoa.
The general arrangement of an activated sludge process for removing carbonaceous
pollution includes the following items:
 Aeration tank where air (or oxygen) is injected in the mixed liquor.
 Settling tank (usually referred to as "final clarifier" or "secondary settling tank") to
allow the biological flocs (the sludge blanket) to settle, thus separating the biological
sludge from the clear treated water.
 Treatment of nitrogenous matter or phosphate involves additional steps where the
mixed liquor is left in anoxic condition (meaning that there is no residual dissolved
oxygen).
Schematic diagram of activated sludge process
There is no provision of primary clarification tanks in GWWTP. The major
components are the primary and secondary units. Bar racks are provided to
remove large objects from the influent and inorganic particles like sand are
removed in the grit chamber. The wastewater is biologically treated in two
carrousel 15 type oxidation ditches which is provided with 3 aerators
@1200rpm. Solids are settled in the 2 secondary clarifiers. Up to 2,500 MLSS
sludge is pumped from the clarifiers back to the oxidation ditches to be
metabolized by microorganisms, and any excess sludge is wasted to one of
fourteen drying beds (Green et al., 2003).
Table 1: Design and operational parameters of Guheswori WWTP (BASP, 2002;
Shah, 2002; Darnal,2002 and Khatiwada et al.)

Service Area 5.37km2

Service Population (1996) 58,000
Projected Population (2021) 1,98,000
Wastewater Produced 80 L/cap/d
Energy Consumption 2.3 kW-hr/kg BOD
Annual Operation Costs $167,000 US
Design Flow 0.19 m3/s
Oxidation ditch
Carrousel type oxidation ditch (80×20m) 2 units
Capacity, m3 10400
HRT, hr 15.2
Total Oxygen Demand, kg/hr 355
MLSS Concentration, mg/L 3500
F/M 0.34
Re-circulation Demand, % 67-100
Power Required to Drive Aerator, kWh 375
Secondary clarifier
Diameter of 27, m 2 units
Capacity 1650 m3
HRT 4.8 hr
Sludge Production 40 m3/d
Drying Beds ( 27×74m) 2 units
Drying Period 2-3 weeks
Grit and Sand 3 m3/d
Screenings 2-3 m3/d
Operational challenges