• 1943 – First digital computer was developed (Colossus Mark I) • 1946 – First general purpose computer was developed (ENIAC) • 1951 – First commercial computer. (UNIVAC-1) History of Computer Development Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer Universal Automatic Computer - I Trivia about First Generation Computers • UNIVAC-I was used to process payroll of General Electric • They ran on vacuum tubes. • Access speed is milliseconds • Less the 10 KB of storage. Second Generation Computers • Developed in the 1950s • IBM 1401 and IBM 1620 • Transistors were used • Microseconds were used to measure access speed. Second Generation Computers IBM 1401 IBM 1620 Third Generation Computers • Introduced in the 1960s • Microminiature • Speed is measured in nanoseconds (billionths) • Only 110 K of memory • Hard disks are not encased. Personal Computers • November 1972 - Intel 8008 is introduced • This invention allowed the personal computer, or the microcomputer, be possible. Personal Computers Unit II Characteristics of Computers • Automatic – self-instructed • Electronic – components are made of silicon chips • General purpose – can be modified according to need. • Speed - the pace of processing information • Reliability – consistency of producing the same result • Storage – the ability to store data. A computer… …can …cannot • Process info fast. • Do what you didn’t • Give accurate results. command. • Store information. • Generate info on its • Restore previous own. work. • Distinguish • Automatic correct/wrong data. • Multitask • Correct wrong instruction. Classification of Computers • Supercomputers ▫ Designed for complex scientific calculations. ▫ Expensive and bulky. Classification of Computers • Mainframe ▫ Support organizational information systems ▫ Large storage capacity ▫ Expensive Classification of Computers • Minicomputer ▫ Smaller version of mainframe computers ▫ Less complex processes ▫ Relatively expensive Classification of Computers • Personal Computer ▫ Designed for a single user ▫ Can connect to other users. ▫ Personalized capabilities. Classification of Computers • Laptop/notebook ▫ Portable version of the PC ▫ More expensive than PC Classification of Computers • Tablet Computers ▫ Smaller than notebook computers ▫ More expensive than laptop ▫ If in deadzone, can’t receive transmission Classification of Computers • Personal Digital Assistant ▫ Small and lightweight ▫ Accept handwriting. ▫ Access data from servers anywhere. Classification of Computers • Hybrid/ Smartphones ▫ Combines text messaging, e-mail messaging and other internet services. ▫ Small keys and screen Classification of Computers • Embedded computer ▫ Integral part of devices/special purposes ▫ Limited functionality Computers developed… Impact of Computer to Society Positive Effects Negative Effects • Productivity is increased. • Increased unemployment • Information is shared easily. • Data piracy. • Communication is now • Huge data can be sometimes elaborate. lost. • Data is stored and accessed easily. • Consistent output being produced.