Introduction

Scenario Planning for Addis Ababa

Problem Areas
CONTENTS 1) Waste
2) Water
3) Air
Works Cited
 ADDIS
ABABA
A SPRAWLING
CAPITAL

PHOTO BY CNES - SPOT IMAGE / CC BY-SA 3.0

SCENARIO PLANNING FOR
ADDIS ABABA
AIR
Current State

Rising Particulate Levels

“According to the 2009 WHO report, Ethiopia has reported the highest number of air pollution deaths followed by
Kenya and Uganda. In 2004 there were 72,400 and 2,500 premature deaths from indoor and outdoor air pollution
respectively.”
Proposed Solutions -

1. Installing Air Monitoring Systems

2. Regulations - Polluter Pay Principle
3. Move from 5000 ppm Sulphur diesel
to (500 ppm - 50 ppm) Sulphur fuels
4. Alternative Fuels : Natural gas &
Electricity
5. Smart Public Transport
6. Electric Stoves
7. Reforestation
8. Industry 𝐶𝑂2 stripping via Carbon
Capture and Sequestration
Adaptive Pathways for Air Pollution -
Adaptive Pathways for Scenarios -
Scorecard -

Pathways -
  Addis Municipal Solid Waste Generation
- 0.4Kg /per capita/per day

 Sources of Waste Generated

Households (76%) ;
Institutions ,commercial, factories,
hotels,(18%)
Street Sweeping(6%)

 Waste Collection - Primary & Secondary

 Waste Disposal – 1) Formal Segment

2) Informal Segment

WASTE  Dumpsite - "Rappi" or "Koshe"

Surface Area - 25 hectares
Method of disposal – Crude Open Dumping

PHOTO BY VOB08 / CC BY-SA 3.0

 Current State
Formal Segment

Informal Segment

Secondary Storage
 Hierarchy of
Likelihood of Goal Waste
Goal Statements (Addis Ababa 2040) Realisation Management

Zero Organic Waste to Landfill, with

Organic Waste maximum value extraction (materials Medium - High
and energy)

50% reduction in municipal wastes to

Municipal Medium - High
Landfill with significant increase in
Waste
Recycling and WTE
Solid Waste Generation -
2010 – 0.4kg/c/day
50% Diversion of E-Waste from 2040 – 1.15kg/c/day
Electronic Waste High Growth Rate – 3.83 %
Landfill
annually
Construction 100% diversion of construction and
Medium
Debris demolition waste from landfills

Solid Waste Collection

Pre Consumer – High Current – 63%
Plastic Waste Zero Plastic Waste to Landfill Post Consumer – Low-
Target – 80%
Medium
Proposed Solutions
1. Close Existing Disposal Site
2. Develop New Sanitary landfill and Transfer Stations
3. Privatizing Collection
4. Bio Gas Plants ( At Household and Institutional Level)
5. Windrow Composting
6. Anaerobic Digestion
7. Waste to Energy Plants
8. Conversion Technologies
(Pyrolysis/Gasification/Plasma Gasification)
9. Material Recycling
10. Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF from Briquettes)
11. Mechanical Biological Treatment
12. Waste Autoclave
Adaptation Pathways For Waste Management -

( Kg/capita/day)
 Adaptation Pathways For Scenarios -

( Kg/capita/day)
Scorecard -
  In Addis Ababa 44% of population has
access to potable clean water.

WATER
Current State -
• Water Supply
surface water: 2 dams (Legedadi, Gafersa) and a lake
groundwater: 52 water wells around the city
•Main problem
37% water losses because of leakage ( old and defective
pipes)
also: big elevation differences
•Total water supply  ~ 500.000 (m3/d)
•Most of the urban population 15 – 30 lpcd (proposed minimum
standard: 50 lpcd (WHO) )

Vision 2040 - “An important aspect of water is that it should be

1. 100% water coverage for city inhabitants
2. Water Availability - 80 liters/capita/day
3. Good water quality
4. Minimization of health hazards
5. Limitation of the natural waters contamination
accessible, available without excessive physical effort
and time. Obtaining water should take less than one
hour per day for the minimum sufficient quantity of
at least 20 liters per person per day. The water must
be affordable, implying that it should take less than
10% of the household income.”
Adaptation Pathways For Water Management -
Adaptation Pathways For Scenarios -
1. Meaza Cheru (2016);Solid Waste Management in Addis Ababa,A new approach to
improving the waste management system.
2. Kelly Kneeland & Bjorn Knutson(2012);Environmental Policy Update 2012: Waste
Management for Social and Environmental Benefits in Ethiopian Cities
3. Centre for Science & Environement (2016);Urban Air Quality Managment in Ethiopia, A
Guidance Framework
4. Nate Seltenrich (2016), Emerging Waste-to-Energy Technologies: Solid Waste Solution or
Dead End?
5. State of Addis Ababa ( 2017). The Addis Ababa we want. . UN Habitat (2017);
6. The World Bank Group. (2015). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Enhancing Urban Resilience.
Washington: The World Bank Group
7. Pearce, D. W. (2001). The Economic Value of Forest Ecosystems. London: Ecosystem Health.
8. UN-HABITAT. (2008). ETHIOPIA: ADDIS ABABA URBAN PROFILE. Nairobi, Kenya

WORKS CITED