ELECTRICAL

INSTALLATION SYSTEM IN
A BUILDING
BASIC BUILDING SERVICES-DCC6242
MAZLINA BINTI ABDUL GHANI
LESSON OUTCOMES
 Know the basic concept of electrical supply
 Understand the elements in electrical wiring

 Identify the usage and functions of conductors,

insulators and electricity protection wiring
 Apply the safety procedures and rules for
electrical installation system
 Understand the latest technology on electrical
system
TYPES OF ELECTRICAL SUPPLY :
Two types of electrical Supply :

Single
Phase

Three
Phase
 Real
component

Single Phase Three Phase

 Single Phase

Usually supplied at 220 to Single-phase electricity

240 Volts always has a neutral wire

For small building such as Loads consist mostly of heating

domestic premises and lighting, with only few
large electric motors.
 Three Phase

Neutral wire not necessary

Provide 415 V
for this system (sometimes)

Commonly used for higher

electrical load large building Used to power large motors
such as hospital, factories
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN :
Single phase Three phase

 Consist of 2 cables  Have 3 L (life) cables

from supply to load : L with N (neutral cable
(life) & N (neutral)
 Supply 240 v  Supply 415 v
 Usage :-

 Load :-
ADVANTAGES OF SINGLE PHASE – 1

* Cheaper installation costs.

* Smaller size.

* Easily maintained.

* Suitable for domestic buildings (240v).

* Frequent interruptions./sering berlaku ganguan

*Not suitable for large plants.
ADVANTAGES OF 3- PHASE

 Voltage supplied by 3 phase is bigger

 Almost every large motors powered by 3 phase
are able to operate by itself without the help from
extra component such as capacitor
 Production and the quality of work from 3 phase
motors are better because they are more efficient
and have bigger power factor
 Open Wiring

TYPES OF ELECTRICAL
WIRING

Hidden Wiring Conduit Wiring

OPEN WIRING
OPEN WIRING
 Is a system where cables used are fixed to the
wall or ceiling using clips and without extra cover
 If the surface is bricks or concrete, cables are
clipped onto wood panel and then nailed to the
wall
 This method features the original/nature or
wiring itself
 Suitable for 1 phase supply

 Usually found at wooden house

 Cheaper installation cost

 Suitable for single phase voltage
 Used for a few final circuit / load

 Wiring installation can be completed in a short

time
 Exposed to mechanical damage
HIDDEN WIRING
HIDDEN WIRING
 The type of wiring where all the cabels and wires
are fixed into the wall, ceiling or floor and
everything are hidden except for the cabels end
that is used for connection to accessories
 Allowed for single phase voltage only

 Commonly used for concrete building

 Provide neat and tidy appearance for building

 Wiring are safe from hazards

 Require skilled workers for installation

 Repairing works will be difficult

CONDUIT WIRING
CONDUIT WIRING
 Usually used for building expose to mechanical
defect, chemical or hazardous liquids
 Example: factories, workshops or labs

 Added load in the future

 Allow for bigger load

 Suitable for single phase and 3 phase

CONDUCTORS & INSULATORS
CONDUCTORS

 anything that conducts electricity through

something, often wires
 In a conductor, electric current can flow freely

 anything that is capable of allowing current to

flow through It
 Some of the better conductors and most
commonly used types are copper and aluminum .
Copper by far is the industry standard, although
aluminum wire was used in past years with an
unfavorable result in homes.
 • The best but expensive
Silver • used in specialized equipment, such as
satellites

• High conductivity

Copper • used for electrical applications, such as

building wire, motor windings, cables
and busbars

• has been used in building wiring for its lower

Aluminium cost

Tin • a conductor used as a grafting material for

the conductor cable during soldering
 Silver
 Silver has the highest electrical conductivity of any metal. Silver is commonly used in electrical
contacts and in radio frequency connectors, where it improves electrical conductivity of wires and
internal parts. High-end audio cables also frequently use silver to boost performance. Silver oxide
batteries are commonly used in hearing aids and watches due to their light weight and long life.
Silver is not more widely used in electrical components due to its relatively high cost compared to
other, less expensive, metals.

 Copper
 Copper is the metal with the second highest level of electrical conductivity, after silver. Due to its
significantly lower cost, copper is used in a much wider range of applications than silver. By far,
the most common usage of copper is in electrical wires, where it aids in electrical conduction.
Copper is also becoming more common in circuit boards and electromagnets, where it is gradually
replacing aluminum due to its higher conductivity.

 Gold
 Gold is an excellent conductor of electricity. Due to its cost, however, it is largely limited to high-
end audio and video components and electrical wiring. An advantage gold has over its superior
conductive counterparts, silver and copper, is that it is resistant to corrosion. Gold is often used in
high-energy applications, such as for coatings in spacecraft, computers and communications
equipment. Gold also has no substitute as a conductor in very humid or corrosive environments.

 Aluminum
 Aluminum is the most abundant Earth metal and has electrical conductivity and cost comparable
to copper, with the advantage of being much light than copper. A disadvantage of aluminum is that
it expands when exposed to heat and required the development of a new electrical fixture assembly
before it could be safely used for home wiring. As a conductor, aluminum is common in modern
houses within internal wires and is often used in combination with copper wire.
INSULATORS

Most solid materials are classified as insulators

because they offer very large resistance to the
flow of electric current
 a material whose internal electric
charges do not flow freely, and which
therefore does not conduct an electric
current
 Asbestos

Mica TYPES OF INSULATORS

Porcelain/ seramic

Plastic

polyethylene

pvc
 Ceramic
 This ceramic insulation mainly used in high
voltage transmission for overhead transmission
lines.This high voltage cable will produce heat
and these heat will absorb by ceramic.
 PVC ( polyvinyl chloride)

 When comes to best insulator for electricity,the

first thing comes into your mind is PVC. PVC are
now widely used in electrical wiring. Even cables
are used PVC as insulator. These cables are
insulate by a PVC pipe so the cable will be
protect even get fire or chemically damage.Cost
for PVC are low and it's light to carry.
 Mica
 Mica is unusual in that it is a good electrical
insulator at the same time as being a good
thermal conductor. This insulator also used in
high voltage and low voltage cable and both used
in overhead and underground transmission
power lines.
ELECTRICITY PROTECTION IN WIRING

Lightning
Earth Circuit Fuse
Conductor
LIGHTNING PROTECTOR
 A lightning protection system provides a safe pathway for
energy from a lightning strike to find its way to earth,
encouraging the bolt to bypass building components that
might otherwise be damaged.
 So it's job is both to provide a path for the lightning strike
to reach ground (instead of reaching the g round through
the building or its components), and to avoid damaging the
building as the electrical current of the lightning bolt flows
through the protection system components. In other words,
a lightning rod and its components do not prevent a
lightning strike, rather they give it a safer pathway to
earth than would occur if the energy passed through
building components on the way down.
EARTHING

 circuitry which connects parts of the electric

circuit with the ground (electricity), thus defining
theelectrical potential of the conductors relative
to the Earth's conductive surface
 Connected to ground (earth) for several reasons.

 melindungi pengguna daripada kebocoran arus

elektrik dengan menyediakan satu laluan
elektrik ke bumi
FUSE

 Type of low resistance resistor that acts as a

sacrificial device to
provide overcurrent protection, of either the load
or source circuit.
 Its essential component is a metal wire or strip
that melts when too much current flows, which
interrupts the circuit in which it is connected.
 Short circuit, overloading, mismatched loads or
device failure are the prime reasons for excessive
current.
Standard Graphic Symbol in Wiring System
 STANDARD SAFETY
PROCEDURE
IEEE
IEEE is the world’s largest professional association dedicated to advancing
technological innovation and excellence for the benefit of humanity. IEEE
and its members inspire a global community through IEEE's highly cited
publications, conferences, technology standards, and professional and
educational activities.

IEEE, pronounced "Eye-triple-E", stands for the Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers. The association is chartered under this name and it is
the full legal name.
Content in National Electrical Safety Code® (NESC®)
- Rules for the Installation and Maintenance of
Electric Supply Stations and Equipment
- Safety Rules for the Installation and Maintenance of
Overhead Electric Supply and Communication Lines
- Safety Rules for the Installation and Maintenance of
Underground Electric Supply and
Communication Lines
- Rules for the Operation of Electric Supply
and Communications Lines and Equipment
 GENERAL GUIDELINES PERTAINING
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
Turn off power and unplug from the wall before working on electric or
electronic circuit except when absolutely necessary

Do not use extension cord as a permanent power source

Remove metal jewelry, watches, ring before working in electrical circuit

Never overload circuit

Never leave unprotected system unattended

Never place containers of liquid on electrical systems

Never defeat the purpose of a fuse circuit breaker

Never install a fuse of higher amperage rating

that specially listed for circuit

Safely discharge capacitor before working on

the circuit
GREEN TECHNOLOGY