STATIC KRAMER SYSTEM

Slip power recovery

 Instead of wasting the slip power in the rotor circuit resistance, a better
approach is to convert it to ac line power and return it back to the line. Two
types of converter provide this approach:

1) Static Kramer Drive - only allows

operation at sub-synchronous speed.
2) Static Scherbius Drive - allows
operation above and below
synchronous speed
Static kramer system
At zero speed (s=1) the motor acts as a transformer and all the real
power is transferred back to the line (neglecting losses). The motor and
inverter only consume reactive power.

At synchronous speed (s=0) the power factor is the lowest and increases
as slip increases. The PF can be improved close to synchronous speed
by using a step-down transformer. The inverter line current is reduced
by the transformer turns ratio -> reduced PF.
SPEED CONTROL

 The average o/p voltage of the diode bridge connected to the slip rings is
given by
3 2𝐸2 𝑠
 𝑉𝐶 =
𝜋

 𝑉𝐶 =1.35 𝐸2 s
 𝐸2 = RMS line voltage on the rotor side
 S=slip

 Inverter mode:
3 2𝐸𝑙 𝑠
 𝑉𝑖𝑛 = cos 𝛼 𝐸2 = RMS line voltage of ac supply
𝜋

 𝑉𝑖𝑛 =1.35 𝐸𝑙 cos 𝛼 𝛼=firing angle of the inverter

 𝑉𝐶 = −𝑉𝑖𝑛
1.35 𝐸2 s = - 1.35 𝐸𝑙 cos 𝛼
𝐸
 𝑠 = − 𝐸 𝑙 cos 𝛼
2
𝑁1
 𝑠= − cos 𝛼
𝑁2
𝑁1
 Where is the turns ratio of the stator to rotor winding which is fixed
𝑁2
 SPEED CONTROL WITH LOAD
 Neglecting all losses in the diode and SCR bridges
Rotor slip power=DC link power
𝑠𝑃𝑅 = 𝑉𝐶 𝐼𝐶
𝑠𝜔𝑠 𝑇 = 𝑉𝐶 𝐼𝐶

𝑉𝐶 𝐼𝐶
𝑇=
𝑠𝜔𝑠
𝑁1
𝑉𝐶 = 𝑉𝑖𝑛 = 1.35 𝐸𝑙 cos 𝛼 & 𝑠= − cos 𝛼
𝑁2

1.35𝐸𝑙 𝐼𝐶
𝑇=
𝑁1
𝜔
𝑁2 𝑠
Torque speed characteristics of static
Kramer system