NAILI INAYATILLAH

30101607702
MEDICINE FACULTY OF UNISSULA
To inform and describe lung cancer
- Definition of lung cancer
- Etiology or causes from lung cancer disease
- Symptoms
- Complication
- Medication and prevention of lung cancer
Lung cancer is a malignant lung
tumor originated from the canal Breath or
bronchial epithelium. This characterized by
uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of
the lung and growth can spread outside
the lung by the process of metastasis into
nearby tissue or other parts of the body.
Etiology of lung cancer is unclear. But prolonged
exposure or inhaling carcinogenic substances is the
main causal factors (Amin, 2006). Other risk factors
that can cause lung cancer are :
 smoke
 passive smoker
 Air pollution
 Diet
 Genetic
 Lung disease
The symptoms can be:
• Local (locally grown tumor):
- the cough is more severe from chronic cough
- Wheezing due to airway obstruction
• Local invasion:
- Chest pain
- Dyspnea due to pleural effusion
- Invasion to the pericardium
- Superior vena cava syndrome
- Horner's syndrome (facial anhidrosis,)
- Hoarseness, due to the emphasis on the recurrent
laryngeal nerve
• Symptoms of Metastatic Disease:
- In the brain, bone, liver, adrenals
- Cervical lymphadenopathy and supraclavicular

• Asymptomatic with radiological abnormalities

- Often present in smokers with detectable COPD
Radiologist.
- Abnormalities of solitary nodules (Amin, 2006).
• Paraneoplastic syndrome: there are 10% of lung
cancers with symptoms:
- Systemic: weight loss, anorexia, fever
- Hematology: leukocytosis, anemia,
hypercoagulation
- Hypertrophy
- Neurologic: dementia, ataxia, tremor, peripheral
neuropathy
- Dermatologic : erythema multiform, hyperkeratosis,
- Renal: syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone
Lung cancer can cause several complications, for
example:
 Hard to breathe. People with lung cancer may
experience shortness of breath if the cancer
develops to block the main airways.
 Coughing up blood. This disease can cause
bleeding in the airway, which can make you
cough up blood (hemoptysis).
 Pain. Severe lung cancer extends to the lining of
the lungs or other parts of the body can cause
pain.
 Fluid in the chest (pleural effusion). This can cause
fluid to accumulate in the space surrounding the
lungs in the chest cavity (pleural space).
 Cancer that spreads to other parts of the body
(metastasis). It often spreads (metastasizes) to other
areas of the body, usually opposite to the lungs,
such as bone, brain, liver and adrenal glands.
Extensive cancer can cause pain, headache,
nausea, or other signs and symptoms depending on
the affected organs.
 Dead. Unfortunately, the survival rate for people
diagnosed with this disease is very low. In the case
of the majority, the disease is deadly.
 MEDICATION

Surgery
Surgery on lung cancer aims to remove the tumor
by following lymph nodes nearby.

Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy can be used for therapeutic
purposes. If the tumors that grow confined to the
lungs, we can using X-rays to kill Cancer cells.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy in lung cancer is the most common
therapy
Given Chemotherapy can minimize cancer cells, slow
growth, and prevent the spread of cancer cells to
other organs
 PREVENTION

 Change the lifestyle becomes more organized by

balanced healthy food, clean living and regular
exercise.
 Avoid the other things that can cause lung cancer.
 Don’t inhale cigarette smoke both active and
passive
 Don’t inhale harsh chemical substances.
Ilmu Penyakit Dalam jilid III. FK UI.