Manish kumar yadav

Ritesh mall singh

Anmol kumar srivastava
Introduction:
Path follower robot is not a new technology.
Many types of line follower robots were
designed depending on the application.
This article presents a variable path follower
robot that is operated manually using Bluetooth
technology.
Main objective of the project is to set the various
paths inside the robot, and give command to
robot using Mobile phone via Bluetooth to
follow the path.
Block diagram:
Working
 The machine will be a moving robot having four wheels and everything
is attached to the machine.
 Atmega16 microcontroller is the heart of the system that controls all
the peripherals of the system.
 We used Bluetooth module HC-05 to establish the wireless
communication between machine and android phone.
 Atmega16 microcontroller will receive the data from the android
phone and move the machine backward, forward, left and right.
 The android phone has software running on it having buttons to control
the machine.
 Each button will have unique ASCII code.
 This code will be send to Bluetooth HC-05.
 HC-05 will give this command to microcontroller.
 According to the received command microcontroller will control the
motor driver IC L293D.
 Motor driver IC will control the DC motor
 Each button on mobile phone software will have a dedicated path for
the robot.
Hardware Used
 ATmega16 microcontroller.
 Bluetooth Receiver
 L293D IC.
 Robot chassis.
 12V gear DC Motors 60RPM
 Wheels
 Dummy wheels
Software used:
 All the software developed for this project will be
loaded into the memory of the AT89S51
microcontroller.
 The language must be supported by the AT89S51
compiler
 The AT89S51 compiler supports C and Assembly

 Reasons for Selection C Programming Language:

 Vast amount of online resources
 Ease of development
 Team members have experience of coding in C.
 Microcontroller ATMEGA16
 The ATMEGA16 is a low-power CMOS
8-bit microcontroller based on the
AVR enhanced RISC architecture.
 By executing powerful instructions in a
single clock cycle, the ATMEGA16
achieves throughputs approaching 1
MIPS per MHz allowing the system
designed to optimize power
consumption versus processing
speed.
 DC Motor
 Basically, the motors can be categorized into two parts,
AC and DC.
 The basic principle of operation is almost same.
 In any electric motor, the operation is based on simple
electromagnetism.
 A current carrying conductor generates a magnetic
field; when this is placed in an external magnetic field,
it will experience a force proportional to the current in
the conductor, and the strength of the external
magnetic field.
 The internal configuration of a DC motor is designed to
harness the magnetic interaction between a current
carrying conductor and an external magnetic field to
generate rotational motion.
 Motor driver IC
 As the most of the PORT of MCU or any
other controlling ICs are not powerful
enough to drive DC motors directly so
we need some kind of drivers.
 A very easy and safe is to use popular
L293D chips. It is a 16 PIN chip.
 This chip is designed to control 2 DC
motors. There are 2 INPUT and 2 OUTPUT
pins for each motor.
 If INPUT pins are not connected to +5V,
then both the drivers will remain
deactivated until they are enabled.
Whatever power supply we provide at
pin 8 and pin 16, this supply will go to
both motors.
 Hence we have to be careful about the
rating of motors while connecting the
power supply to this IC.
Applications
 Industrial Applications: These robots can be used as
automated equipment carriers in industries replacing
traditional conveyer belts.
 Automobile applications: These robots can also be used
as automatic cars running on roads with embedded magnets.
 Domestic applications: These can also be used at homes for
domestic purposes like floor cleaning etc.
 Guidance applications: These can be used in public places
like shopping malls, museums etc. to provide path guidance.
Advantages

 Robot movement is automatic

 It is used for long distance applications
 Simplicity of building
 Fit and forget system
 Used in home, industrial automations etc.
Limitations
 It will be controlled via Bluetooth so its range will be under 15meters.
 It required power source.
Future scope:
 It can be used over Wi-Fi to increase the range.
 We can use GSM technology for robot controlling.
 We can add extra features in robot to perform different actions such as
pick and place objects.
 We can use solar panel as power source for the robot.
QA
Thank You