 Overview

 Definition
 Functional properties of bioreactor
 Basic components of bioreactor
 Controllers and sensors
 Classification of fermenter
 Mode of fermentation
 Conclusion
BioFlo 5000®
Sterilizable-In-Place
Fermentor
(40 and 80 Liters)
WHE-Fermentor-500L.jpg
 Upstream Process (Proses Hulu)
 Media Preparation
 Inoculum Starter
 Fermentation

 Downstream Process (Proses Hilir)

 Removal of Insolubles
 Isolation
 Product Purification
 Polishing
 Filtration and Microfiltration
 Centrifugation
 Cell Disruption
 Extraction
 Adsorption
 Elution Chromatography
 Precipitation
 Ultrafiltration and Electrophoresis
 Crystallization
 Drying
 Mass Heat
Transfer Transfer

Kinetics

Momentum
Transfer

Structural

Bioreator design consideration

 A fermentor is a system consisting of a few
pieces of equipment which provide controlled
environmental conditions for the growth of
microbes (and/or production of specific
metabolites) in liquid culture whilst
preventing entry and growth of
contaminating microbes from the outside
environment.
 Provide operation free from contamination
 Maintain a specific temperature
 Provide adequate mixing and aeration
 Control pH of the culture
 Allow monitoring and/or control of dissolved
oxygen
 Allow feeding of nutrient solutions and
reagents
 Provide access points for inoculation and
sampling
 Use fitting and geometry relevant to scale-up
 Minimize liquid loss from the vessel
 Facilitate the growth of a wide range of
organisms
 Stirrer motor

Filling/inoculation port
Air outlet (to condenser)
Foam breaker
pH probe
Temperature probe

Heat exchange element Glass (< 10L) or

steel vessel

Steam generator/ Mixing flange

Refrigeration unit

0.5m filter unit

Sterile air supply

Stirrer paddle

Outlet port
 Basic components including : vessel and
accessories (agitator, heater, pump, aerator,
etc.)
 Peripheral equipment such as reagent bottles
 Controllers and sensors
 Vessel
 Supporting structure
 Lid
 Agitator, impeller or stirrer
 Heating and cooling system
 Air supply
 Metering port
 Material and design
- glass, stainless steel
- single-walled cylinder, jacketed system
- flat bottom, round bottom
- smooth surface, free from crack (retak/celah),
easy to clean
- top plate is made from stainless steel,
compressed onto the vessel flange by an
easily released clamping system
- port fittings of various sizes are provided for
insertion of probes, inlet pipes, exit gas
cooler, cold fingers, sample pipes, etc.

- (Cold finger = a closed pipe or coil which passes

through the fermentor top plate and allows cooling
water to circulate, to act as a heat exchanger with
the culture.)
 Vessel shapes are determined by their
function.
 In principle, they are subdivided into
pressurized and non-pressurized vessels.
 Non-pressurized vessels are used for storage
of media and do not have to meet very
stringent criteria. They are thin walled and
wide.
 In the production of microbial cultures
narrow and tall vessel shapes are used.
 Narrow shape vessels allow a high power
input resulting in good mixing, efficient
aeration and high heat transmission.
 For cell cultures requiring gentle treatment,
wider shape vessels are employed.
 Apart from these classical designs, many
different special designs have been
developed.
Balanced shapes:
Bacterial/cell
cultures, feed
tanks
Tapered shapes:
Filtration
 The shape of vessel bottom depends on a
number of criteria.
 The most important, the function of the
bottom in the process (e.g. mixing
parameters in the vessel, other properties)
and the conditions (pressure) to which the
bottom is exposed.
 The greater the service pressure, the better
suited are round-shaped bottom.
 Bottom drain valves are required for draining
the reactor.
 It is very important that the dimension of the
drain be large enough for fast drainage.
 The below type bottom drain valve is
particularly well suited for such applications
and has many advantages: large drain cross
section, flexible and space saving.
 Every reactor, large or small, requires some
kind of supporting structure.
 In most cases, these are legs designed as pipe
constructions whose ends are permanently
bolted to the floor.
 Lugs are very space-saving solutions that can
be installed in the floor.
 Skirts are particular suitable for large vessels.
They provide homogeneous load distribution
but block access to lower part of reactor,
which may be disadvantage.