1 - Ei - 2016 - Overview - 2

EMISSION INVENTORY -
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
BUREAU www.emb.gov.ph
1. Source of Air Pollutants and Definitions
2. Mandate and Spatial Coverage
3. Methodology /Reference
4. Publications
5. Approach
6. Data Gathering Coverage
7. Sample Results (Compilation National EI)
8. Applications ( Spatial and Temporal Analysis,
Dispersion Model) , Policy Formulation
BUREAU
•“Air pollution” means any
alteration of the physical,
chemical and biological
properties of the
•atmosphere, or any discharge
thereto of any liquid, gaseous
or solid substances that will or
is
•likely to create or to render the
air resources of the country
harmful, detrimental, or
injurious to
•public health, safety or welfare
or which will adversely affect
their utilization for domestic,
•commercial, industrial,
agricultural, recreational, or
other legitimate purposes; DAO
2000-81
•“Air pollutant” means any
matter found in the
atmosphere other than
oxygen, nitrogen, water
•vapor, carbon dioxide,
and the inert gases all in
their natural or normal
concentrations, that is
detrimental to health or
the environment, which
includes but not limited to
smoke, dust, soot, cinder,
fly ash, solid particles of
any kind, gases, fumes,
chemical mists,
contaminated steam and
•radioactive substances;
The major pollutants of concern from combustion
are particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO)
,sulfur oxides (SOx), and nitrogen oxides (NOx).
PM emissions means any material, other
than uncombined water, which exists in a
finely divided form as a liquid or solid;
SOURCE:DAO 2000-81
MM AIR QUALITY MONITORING
Suspended particulate matter is a major concern in Metro

Manila and other urban areas in the Philippines.
TSP PM10 PM2.5

PARTICULATE MATTER PARTICULATE MATTER
TOTAL SUSPENDED 10 MICRON AND SMALLER 2.5 MICRON AND
PARTICULATE SMALLER
Gaseous SOx are dependent on
the sulfur content of the fuel. SOx
from combustion are primarily
sulfur dioxide (SO2), with a much
lower quantity of sulfur trioxide
(SO3) and gaseous sulfates.
These compounds form as the
organic sulfur in the fuel are
oxidized during the combustion
process. Eg. Bunker Fuel Oil
Emission
characterized by
operating
temperatures of the
combustion source.
Higher temperature
results to Increase in
NOx emissions. Eg.
Emission from Diesel
Internal Combustion
Engine (Compressed
ignition).
CO emissions are
dependent on
combustion efficiency.
CO are products of
incomplete combustion.
Trace metals are also emitted
during combustion. The quantity
of any given metal emitted, in
general, depends on:
- the physical and chemical
properties of the metal itself;
- the concentration of the metal in
the coal; eg. Hg
1. INDUSTRIAL (STATIONARY)
2. TRANSPORT (MOBILE)
3. DOMESTIC (AREA & OTHER
SOURCES)
 Point Sources - refer to stationary sources such as
industrial firms and the smoke stacks of power
plants, hotels and other establishments.
 Mobile Sources - refer to vehicles like cars,
trucks, vans, buses, jeepneys, tricycles and
motorcycles.
 Area Sources - refer to sources other than the
above. These include smoking, burning of
garbage, and dust from construction,
unpaved ground and the like.
 Other Sources- refer to off-road equipments,
motor vessels & aircrafts
RA 8749 1/9/2018 13
STATIONARY SOURCES
SMALL AND MEDIUM EMISSION INVENTORY -

BOILERS BUREAU
)
STATIONARY SOURCES
DIESEL GENSETS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
BUREAU
STATIONARY SOURCES
DIESEL GENSETS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
BUREAU
STATIONARY SOURCES
BUREAU
BAGGASSE BOILER
EMISSION INVENTORY - ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT BUREAU
MOBILE SOURCE
BUREAU
“Airshed” refers to areas with common weather or
meteorological conditions and sources of air pollution
which affect the interchange and diffusion of pollution in
the surrounding atmosphere.
“Emission Inventory” is the record that shows the amount
of air pollutant discharged within a specific period of
time and location of the emission source.
Quantitative understanding of actual emissions , future
projections and air pollution measure policy.
It is an indispensable tool widely used when making
policy in antipollution measures. (ACAP 2001)
Emissions Inventories are the basis for numerous efforts
including trends analysis, regional, and local scale air
quality modeling, regulatory impact assessments, and
human exposure modeling.(EPA)
“Emission factor” refers to a representative value
that attempts to relate the quantity of a pollutant
released to the atmosphere with an activity
associated with the release of that pollutant.
Emission factors may be used to calculate emission fees, as
indicated in Rule XVI, Section 5 of DAO 2000-81. These
factors are usually expressed as the weight of pollutant
divided by a unit weight, volume, distance, or duration of
the activity emitting the pollutant (e. g., kilograms of
particulate emitted per megagram of coal burned). Such
factors facilitate estimation of emissions from various
sources of air pollution. In most cases, these factors are
simply averages of all available data of acceptable quality.
SOURCE : DAO 2000-81
Assimilative capacity of air environment is
the maximum amount of pollution load that
can be discharged without violating the best
designated use of the air resource in
regions/cities.
The air pollution assimilative potential of
an airshed can be estimatedbased on the
sources of pollution , geography,
topography, meteorology , preparation of
inventory and quantification of pollution
loads.
BUREAU
BUREAU
downwind
plume
stock piles
gen set
2m
stack height
5-20 x the stack height
Boundary line Boundary line
Under Section 2, Rule XIV, Part V DAO
2000-81 of RA 8749 (Phil Clean Air
Act) “The Bureau shall, within three (3)
years from the date of effectivity of
these Rules, and every three (3) years
thereafter, make an inventory of
emissions from stationary, mobile and
area sources.”
BUREAU
Since effectivity of DAO 2000-81 (IRR of Clean Air Act -
RA8749) in 2001
2003 – 2006 - 2009 – 2012 -

2015
2003 – Reported AQSR

2006 – Reported AQSR
2009 - Drafted Final AQSR
2012 - On going compilation
APPROACH
Using a top-down approach, meaning emission totals are estimated

for large geographic regions.
Bottom up meaning sources are estimated from Direct Sources

SOURCE: ACAP, JAPAN
Reliable – coherent application of International
methodologies (eg. AUS-EPA AP 42)
Consistent – using same approach at
consistent trends.
Comparable – reporting according to
same/similar source and categories.
Transparent- document archive, methodology,
other information and assumptions to
facilitate updates.
Complete – Consider all relevant categories.
1. BY SOURCES
a.-STATIONARY SOURCE ( INDUSTRIAL POINT AND
PROCESS) Approach : BOTTOM UP
b.-MOBILE SOURCE ( ON ROAD TRANSPORT)
Approach : TOP –BOTTOM
c.-AREA ( RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL, AGRICULTURAL,
INFRASTRUCTURE ETC.) Approach : W/c ever data is
avail.
2. BY POLLUTANT ( CRITERIA AIR POLLUTANTS)
- PM, CO, NOx, SOX, VOC
BUREAU
TOP-BOTTOM :Data from published
sources:
• Total sales of fuel oil, LPG in NCR (DOE)
• USEPA stationary source emission factors (AP-
42)
BOTTOM-UP: DENR list of industries (from
SMRs)
◦ Name and address of industry
◦ Number of fuel-burning units in each industry
◦ Fuel type and consumption rate (total or by
unit)
TOP-BOTTOM :Data from published
sources:
• LTO Registration, Regional, Provincial,
Municipal
• Total sales of fuel oil, LPG in NCR (DOE)
• USEPA CARB emission factors
BOTTOM-UP:
◦ Vehicle Count in Major and Minor Roads
◦ Number of fuel-burning units in each
industry
◦ Fuel type and consumption rate (total or
by unit)
TOP-BOTTOM : Data from published
sources
• Waste disposal rate per dumpsite (web
sources)
• Statistical Residential Fuel Use,
Construction, Fires, etc.
• USEPA emission factors
BOTTOM-UP:
◦ SMRS of commercial Area Source eg.
Gasoline Dispensing, Dry Cleaning
◦ Population at barangay level was available
but household emissions (cooking,
garbage burning)
◦ Road resuspension not included
 Works for both stationary and vehicular emissions
 Advantages:
◦ Data readily available from oil companies and DOE
◦ Data divided into region, sector, year
 Disadvantages:
◦ Bulk of fuel sold to industry cannot be accounted for
◦ Works well to estimate total consumption by motor
vehicles, but difficult to subdivide into geographical or
sub-sectoral emissions
◦ Difficult to convert into emissions without information on
fuel efficiency or emission factors
• Fuel sales data are the most complete, most reliable but cannot
be used as indicators nor targets
• Alternative or supplemental indicators are needed
Geographical distribution of data in
different areas.
SOURCE:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Presidential_Race_2016.png
MALE SMOKERS IN %
(WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic2008)

FEMALE SMOKERS IN %
(WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic2008)

1.Upon Verification and Compilation of EI Data
2. Results can be Mapped according to level of
Emissions in Tons /year to determine Critical
Areas.
3. Determine Future Projections using Models
and Trends.
4. Focus Policies according to Source, Pollutant
and Areas.
National by Total, Source (Stat, Mobile, Area) and
Criteria Pollutants (PM, CO, NOx, SOx, VOC)
National by Total, Source (Stat, Mobile, Area) and
Criteria Pollutants (PM, CO, NOx, SOx, VOC)
BUREAU
Emission Inventory Results 2012
CRITERIA POLLUTANT
SOURCES PM CO NOx SOx VOC

(tons/yr) (tons/yr) (tons/yr) (tons/yr) (tons/yr)
AREA 6324.69 21464.63 441.31 268.74 3678.36
STATIONARY 71.83 42.60 72.24 77.28 4.17
MOBILE 7068.03 139454.1 15298.5 495.46 40209.03

8 5
TOTAL 13464.6 160961.4 15812.1 841.48 43891.56
1
Emission Inventory Results
14%
0.114%
AREA
STATIONARY
MOBILE
86.192%
Particulate Matter Carbon Monoxide
Nox SOX VOC
Oxides of Nitrogen Oxides of Sulfur Volatile Organic
Compounds
Particulate Matter (Blue) Carbon Monoxide (
Green)
 When a problem is not solved, it
creates other problems
 And if not solved further, it will create
chains of problems
 This will continue until all these
become cyclical
 All will eventually end up in a so-
called vicious cycle!
THANK YOU
DAGHAN SALAMAT

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EMISSION INVENTORY -

Suspended particulate matter is a major concern in Metro

TSP PM10 PM2.5

SMALL AND MEDIUM EMISSION INVENTORY -

EMISSION INVENTORY - ENVIRONMENTAL

2003 – 2006 - 2009 – 2012 -

2003 – Reported AQSR

Using a top-down approach, meaning emission totals are estimated

Bottom up meaning sources are estimated from Direct Sources

(WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic2008)

(WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic2008)

SOURCES PM CO NOx SOx VOC

AREA 6324.69 21464.63 441.31 268.74 3678.36

STATIONARY 71.83 42.60 72.24 77.28 4.17

MOBILE 7068.03 139454.1 15298.5 495.46 40209.03

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