Philippine Legislations

Associated on Terrestrial
Ecosystem

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 The country is widely acknowledged as
having an outstanding endowment of natural
resources, which could provide essential ecosystem
services to the population. Demands arising from
development and utilization activities, population
expansion, poor environmental protection, and
external factors such as climate change, however,
have placed the country’s environment and natural
resources under grave threat.

This has been recognized and the

government passed laws concerning the protection
of the environment.

Some of these laws are:

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• RA 9147
Wildlife Resources Conservation
& Protection Act

• RA 7586
National Integrated Protected
Areas System (NIPAS) Act

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WILDLIFE

What causes wildlife depletion?

According to Subru S., Animal Welfare

Officer, There are four main causes of
this depletion:

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Loss of Habitat and
Habitat Alteration

Poaching and
Hunting
DEPLETION
OF EXTINCTION
WILDLIFE
Human Animal
Conflict

Pollution

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RA 9147: Wildlife Resources
Conservation & Protection Act
This act has the following objectives:
• to conserve and protect wildlife species and their
habitats to promote ecological balance and
enhance biological diversity

• to regulate the collection and trade of wildlife

• to pursue, with due regard to the national interest,

the Philippine commitment to international
conventions, protection of wildlife and their
habitats; and

• to initiate or support scientific studies on the

conservation of biological

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Scope:

- all wildlife species found in all areas of the

country, including protected areas and critical
habitats

- exotic species which are subject to trade, are

cultured, maintained and/or bred in captivity or
propagated in the country

Tamaraw in Mindoro Philippine Deer in Panay Is

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Scientific Researches on Wildlife

Under this law, Collection and utilization of

biological resources for scientific research and not
for commercial purposes shall be allowed upon
execution of an undertaking/agreement with and
issuance of a permit by the Secretary or the
authorized representative of Protected Areas and
Wildlife Bureau (PAWB). This permit has a validity
of 1 year upon issuance.

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Illegal Acts Under RA 9147
It is unlawful for any individual, unless otherwise
allowed in accordance with this act, to undertake the
following acts:

1. killing and destroying wildlife species, except in

the following instances
• when it is done as part of the religious rituals of established
tribal groups or indigenous cultural communities

• when the wildlife is afflicted with an incurable communicable

disease

• when it is deemed necessary to put an end to the misery

suffered by the wildlife

• when it is done to prevent an imminent danger to the life or

limb of a human being; and

• when the wildlife is killed or destroyed after it has been used in

authorized research or experiments

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2.inflicting injury which cripples and/or impairs the
reproductive system of wildlife species

3. effecting any of the following acts in critical

habitat(s)
• dumping of waste products detrimental to wildlife

• squatting or otherwise occupying any portion of the critical

habitat

• mineral exploration and/or extraction

• (iv) burning

• (v) logging; and

• (vi) quarrying

4. introduction, reintroduction or restocking of

wildlife resources

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5. trading of wildlife

6. collecting, hunting or possessing wildlife, their by-

products and derivatives

7. gathering or destroying of active nests, nest

trees, host plants and the like

8. maltreating and/or inflicting other injuries not

covered by the preceding paragraph; and

9. transporting of wildlife.

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This violations may lead to imprisonment of 5 days to
12 years and a fine of One Million Pesos (Php
1,000,000) to Two Hundred Pesos (Php 200)
depending on the gravity of the illegal act inflicted to
wildlife.

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RA 7586: National Integrated
Protected Areas System (NIPAS)
Act
Objective:

Remarkable areas and biologically important public

lands that are habitats of rare and endangered
species of plants and animals, biogeographic zones
and related ecosystems, whether terrestrial, wetland
or marine, all of which shall be designated as
protected areas.

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CATEGORIES OF AREAS UNDER THIS ACT:

1. Strict nature reserve - is an area possessing

some outstanding ecosystem, features and/or
species of flora and fauna of national scientific
importance

Mangrove Forest, Coron, Palawan

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2. Natural Park - is a relatively large area not
materially altered by human activity where extractive
resource uses are not allowed and maintained to
protect outstanding natural and scenic areas of
national or international significance for scientific,
educational and recreational use

Mount Guiting-Guiting Natural Park, Romblon

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Margaja Valley (Old Crater) in Mt. Kanlaon, Negros

Mount Mayon, Bicol

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3. Natural monument - is a relatively small area
focused on protection of small features to protect or
preserve nationally significant natural features on
account of their special interest or unique
characteristics

Mt. Hibok-Hibok, Camiguin Island

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4. Wildlife sanctuary - an area which assures the
natural conditions necessary to protect nationally
significant species, groups of species, biotic
communities or physical features of the environment

Mt. Hamiguitan, Davao Oriental

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5. Protected landscapes and seascapes - are
areas of national significance which are
characterized by the harmonious interaction of man
and land while providing opportunities for public
enjoyment through recreation and tourism

Caves in Penablanca, Cagayan Valley

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6. Resource reserve - an extensive and relatively
isolated and uninhabited area normally with difficult
access designated as such to protect natural
resources of the area for future use and prevent or
contain development activities that could affect the
resource pending the establishment of objectives
which are based upon appropriate knowledge and
planning

Masungi Georeserve, Rizal Province

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7. Natural biotic areas - an area set aside to allow
the way of life of societies living in harmony with the
environment to adapt to modem technology at their
pace

Ie: Province of Basilan in Mindanao

8. Other categories established by law, conventions

or international agreements which the Philippine
Government is a signatory such Buffer zones (areas
outside the boundaries of and immediately adjacent
to designated protected areas) and Tenured migrant
communities (communities within protected areas)

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* National park - refers to a forest reservation
essentially of natural wilderness character which has
been withdrawn from settlement, occupancy or any
form of exploitation except in conformity with
approved management plan

Mount Pulag National Park, Benguet

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• Prohibited Acts
Except as may be allowed by the nature of their
categories and pursuant to rules and regulations
governing the same, the following acts are prohibited
within protected areas:

a. Hunting, destroying, disturbing, or mere possession of

any plants or animals or products derived therefrom without
a permit from the Management Board;

b. Dumping of any waste products detrimental to the

protected area, or to the plants and animals or inhabitants
therein;

c. Use of any motorized equipment without a permit from

the Management Board;

d. Mutilating, defacing or destroying objects of natural

beauty, or objects of interest to cultural communities (of
scenic value);

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e. Damaging and leaving roads and trails in a damaged
condition;

f. Squatting, mineral locating, or otherwise occupying any

land;

g. Constructing or maintaining any kind of structure, fence

or enclosures, conducting any business enterprise without a
permit;

h. Leaving in exposed or unsanitary conditions refuse or

debris, or depositing in ground or in bodies of water; and

i. Altering, removing destroying or defacing boundary

marks or signs.

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The NIPAS Act serves as a legal basis to conserve
biodiversity in the country in pursuit of sustainable
development through managing selected protected areas.
Since its enactment, the NIPAS Act has faced several
issues and challenges such as the overlapping of policies
with other existing environmental laws and lack of
sufficient funds for the development and maintenance of
protected areas. Administrative issues also arise when it
comes to partnering with local government officials. To
address these problems, the DENR is now looking at the
possibility of decentralizing the management of protected
areas and making community-based initiatives that
complement government efforts. Aside from that, the
DENR released the revised IRR of NIPAS Act in 2008. To
date, an in-depth review of the NIPAS Act was done by
DENR in partnership with GIZ and Siliman University in
order to make recommendations for further improving the
effectiveness of managing the protected areas

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Penalties
Whoever violates this Act or any rules and regulations
issued by the Department pursuant to this Act or whoever
is found guilty by a competent court of justice of any of the
offenses in the preceding section shall be fined in the
amount of not less than Five thousand pesos (P5,000) nor
more than Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000),
exclusive of the value of the thing damaged or
imprisonment for not less than one (1) year but not more
than six (6) years, or both, as determined by the court.

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End of report

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Page 33
Quiz

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1 – 4: The Four Terrestrial
Ecosystems

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