Presented By :

Sri Vastav Metta (BT16MEC048)

Mohammed Meeran Siddiqui (BT16MEC049)
Piyush Ulhas Ghui (BT16MEC098)
 Introduction to Cast Iron
 Types of Cast Iron
 Composition of Gray Cast Iron
 Gray Cast Iron
 Classification of Cast Iron
 Formation of Cast Gray Iron
 Microstructure
 Size and Distribution of Graphite
 Properties of Gray Cast Iron
 Advantages and Disadvantages
 Applications
 Steel alloys of iron and carbon.
 Contains between 2 – 6.67 weight percent
carbon.
 It’s structure is relatively crystalline and brittle.
 Less tensile strength
 Low ductility.
 Low melting point.
1. White Cast Iron
2. Gray Cast Iron
3. Malleable Cast Iron
4. Ductile Cast Iron
In gray nodular and malleable cast Iron we change graphite
morphology. For cast Iron Eutectic reaction takes place
Liquid -> Austenite + Cementite (at 1153 Celsius)(4.3 wt percent
carbon)
Liquid -> Austenite + Graphite (at 1147 Celsius) (4.26 wt percent
carbon)

Graphitization process is aided by high carbon content high

temperature and proper amount of Graphitizing agents, notably
silicon favors solidification according to the stable iron-graphite
system
Most Gray cast iron are hypo eutectic alloys
containing between 2.5 and 4% carbon.

Composition
 Carbon – 2.5 to 4 %

 Silicon – 1 to 2.7 %

 Manganese – 0.4 to 1 %

 Phosphorus – 0.1 to 1 %

 Sulpher – 0.06 to 0.12 %

 The most common classification of Gray Cast
Iron is the ASTM International standard A48.
 According to this classification:
 In the Automotive industry the SAE
International standard SAE J431 is widely used.
 According to this classification:
Gray Iron solidifies first forming primary
austenite. The initial appearance of combined
carbon is in the cementite resulting from the
eutectic reaction at 2065 Fahrenheit. The
graphitization process is aided by high carbon
content, high temperature, and the proper
amount of graphitizing elements, notably
silicon.
During continued cooling there is additional
precipitation of carbon because of decrease in
solubility of carbon. This carbon is precipitated as
graphite.
Based on the carbon content Perlitic and Ferritic
Gray Iron forms.
 Fairly soft and readily machinable
 Low tensile strength
 High compressive strength
 Low melting point
 Good Fluidity
 Excellent Damping Capacity
 Poor Shock absorbing property
 Graphite Flakes Provide Lubrication Effect to
reduce friction.
 Advantages
 Self Lubricating
 Cheapest Cast Iron
 High Machinability
 Good Wear Resistance
Disadvantages
 Negligible ductility
 Weak in tension
 Brittle in case of minute castings
 Light and intricate Castings

 Various kinds of Shafts

 Elevators and industrial furnace doors
 Cylinder blocks for automobile engines

 Brake drums
 Wikipedia, Gray Cast Iron
 Wikipedia, Caste Iron
 Google Images
 Introduction to physical Metallurgy – Sidney H
Avner