Introduction to the

TOOLS OF ANALYSIS and

ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORKS
 These tools will eventually help us:
 Interpret the facts
Give meaning to reality

 Understand the interrelationships.

 illumine the factors contributing to

poverty, so solutions be conceived
 Social analysis is the study,
examination and/or investigation
of social movements and/or
occurrences. It explains the
significance of social
occurrences and relationships
between or among social
structures.
Parts of Social Analysis
 1. People (and the relationships that exist
among them)
 2. Structures – man-made institutions,
policies, organizations, protocol, and norms
 3. Issues - problems People are the most
important component of society.
Tools for Social Analysis
 Historical Analysis - analysis of issue as it
develops through time
 Conjunctural Analysis - analysis of issue in
relation to related topics and problems
Political Analysis – How is power distributed?
Who wins? Who loses? Who decides?
 Economic Analysis – How are resources
allocated? Who owns? Who produces? Who
consumes? Who pays? Who gains?
Tools for Social Analysis
 Socio-Cultural Analysis – What are the values
exhibit? What are the relationships among
persons/ groups? Who are being developed? Who
are manipulated?
 Class Analysis - analysis of issue based on
individuals involved, with focus on their class
type (societal group)
 Gender Analysis - analysis of issue based on
power relations between male and female
contending entities
 Using TOOLS OF ANALYSIS
 poverty definitely is the social context of
development.

Poverty

various reasons, factors, structures and elements illumined

thus, program focusing and actions
 PRINCIPLES IN SOCIAL ANALYSIS

 Social reality is integral. No single element in society can be

explained by itself. It is always placed in the whole.

 Social reality is both visible and invisible. Most often, the

invisible can only be known through reasoning and analysis.
Class, structures, and systems are examples of this. These are
invisible but dynamically permeate reality.

 Social facts taken collectively, not independently, express a

meaning. Social facts do not speak for themselves. The mere
collection of facts do not furnish an explanation of social reality.
It is, hence, necessary to analyze and establish the logical
sequence.
STEPS IN ANALYSIS
1. Classify the facts in order to make them
good indicators of social reality.
2. Establish the interrelationship between the
facts in order to discover the social
dynamics.
3. Interpret their meaning.
1. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
2. GENDER ANALYSIS

 the tool of analysis that identifies women/men’s

performance of roles in society particularly:
  Reproduction – child rearing, housework,
 etc.
  Production – economic enterprise,
 livelihood, income.
  Community management – development
 projects, programs, organizations, policies,
 participation.
 Gender Perspective in
Development
 This analytical framework
clarifies the POWER RELATIONS
between women and men. It would
facilitate our understanding of women’s
marginalization, subordination, multiple
burden, disempowerment and the need
for a fair and more gender-sensitive
approach to development
3. CULTURAL ANALYSIS

STATE MEDIATING INSTITUTIONS PERSON

4. CLASS ANALYSIS AND
POLITICAL ECONOMY
5. Dependency Theory as Tool of Analysis
 the development of other areas creates the
underdevelopment of others. The main reason is
their dependency relation.

metropolis
center

Satellite
Satellite/ satellite /
metro / metro
metro
periphery

satellites satellites satellites

6. Post Modern Framework

deconstructionism
post western
anti-western
demystification
demythologization
Thank you