Center For Process Simulation and Design, University of Illinois

Center for Process Simulation and Design, University of Illinois
Robert B. Haber, Duane D. Johnson, and Jonathan A. Dantzig, NSF DMR-01-21695

Spacetime Discontinuous Galerkin Model for Hyperbolic Problems in Physics & Engineering
R. B. Haber1, J. Erickson2, M. Garland2, R. Jerrard3, J. Sullivan3 and L. Kale2
1Theoretical & Applied Mechanics, 2Computer Science, 3Mathematics, University of Illinois
Research objective: Scientists and engineers use hyperbolic

balance and conservation laws to describe a broad range of
physical phenomena, from conservation laws that govern gas
dynamics to elastodynamic wave equations. Hyperbolic systems
are among the most difficult to simulate numerically, especially
when shocks are present. We seek improved methods for multi-
scale and multi-physics problems.
Approach: We are developing adaptive spacetime discontinuous
Galerkin (SDG) methods for hyperbolic problems. This includes
adaptive spacetime meshing algorithms as well as visualization
techniques for data sets on unstructured spacetime grids.
Significant results: SDG methods on adaptive, unstructured
meshes significantly outperform conventional finite element
algorithms for hyperbolic problems and parallelize well.
Broader Impact: SDG methods have numerous applications
beyond the materials–based problems that motivate our current
research. They can be used to advantage in numerous
applications, especially those involving moving boundaries and
where enforcing local balance is important.
Grad students: R. Abedi, Y. Fan, M. Hawker, J. Palaniappan Spacetime discontinuous Galerkin method: Unstructured
(Theor. & Appl. Mechs.); S.H. Chung, M. Hills, S. Thite, Y. Zhou spacetime grid satisfies a causality condition to guarantee O(N)
solution complexity (top left); pixel–accurate rendering of crack-
(Computer Science); K. Jegdic, B. Petracovici (Mathematics)
tip wave scattering (center right); adapted space mesh for
Mach reflection problem (bottom).
www.cpsd.uiuc.edu © Board of Trustees, University of Illinois

Research objective: Numerical dissipation in conventional finite

element models can easily overwhelm the energetics of phase
transitions in shape memory alloys (SMAs) under shock loads. Height, color fields are
velocity magnitude and
Capturing discontinuities at shocks and moving inter-phase strain-energy density.
boundaries is an additional challenge. Our goal is to develop
high-resolution dynamic models for Austenite–Martensite
transitions in SMAs.
Approach: We use adaptive spacetime discontinuous Galerkin
(SDG) methods to solve a system comprised of the equations of
elastodynamics and Hamilton–Jacobi equations that describe
phase-boundary dynamics.
Significant results: We have demonstrated highly effective
adaptive SDG methods for elastic shocks in solids as well as for
nonlinear conservation laws (closely related to Hamilton–Jacobi
problem). These numerical technologies will be combined to
create a coupled model for the target problem.
Broader Impact: Dynamic phase transitions in shape memory
alloys provide a significant energy absorption mechanism for
Modelling Phase Transitions in Shape Memory Alloys:
blast and impact. The SDG modelling capabilities can advance
Austenite-Martensite phase boundary (top; courtesy T. Shield,
scientific understanding and lead to improved designs for blast- U. Minn); SDG model of shocks in an elastic solid (middle);
resistant and crashworthy structures. adaptive SDG solution of a nonlinear conservation law –
inviscid Euler equations for compressible gas dynamics; Mach
Research Assistants: Reza Abedi, Yong Fan, Jayandran
reflection example, pressure (bottom). We will adapt SDG
Palaniappan; Dept. of Theoretical & Applied Mechanics method for conservation laws to model phase boundary
dynamics.

Research objective: For multi-scaling, develop For 1-D phonons we use continuum and one embedded atomistic
method for coupling atomistic and continuum element, we input a traveling wave and plot the wave in both
simulations of solids that obeys the full set of continuum (LHS) and atomic (RHS) regions. Colors show various
mechanics relations, including kinematic compatibility
times. Solution is well represented in all elements.
as well as balance of momentum and energy, without
ad hoc assumptions. In the SDG Hybrid method, we solve for unknown tractions
at atomistic boundary to maintain continuity. Method
Approach: Using the space-time discontinuous inherently maintains balance laws.
Galerkin (SDG) formalism, we maintain continuity and
balance laws across the atomistic/continuum interface continuum atomistic
via flux-based coupling. The SDG method naturally
includes space and time averaging through weak-
Wave amplitude
coupling on boundaries between elements, and thereby
transfers coarse-grained information from atomistic to
continuum regions. We will employ statistical
mechanics methods to repopulate modes on atomistic
side that are unresolved on continuum side.
Significant Results: position

(1) Produced a hybrid SDG method that obeys
inherently compatibility and energy and momentum
balance. Broader Impact: Method potentially allows continuum finite-
(2) Hybrid SDG coarse-grains to continuum and element calculations of deformation, etc., based on arbitrary
produces exact motion in 1-D. (see figure) atomistic interactions. Offers a consistent method to remove
(3) Method works with any atomistic potential. spurious reflections at atomistic-continuum interface.

Research objective: We seek an effective parallel The Simulation of Solidification Problem Using Level Set Method
implementation of a level set method for tracking
the solidification front in simulations of solidification
processes. A parallel solution strategy is a
practical necessity because the simulation problem
is computationally complex as it requires a highly
refined spatial grid and many time steps to attain
the required accuracy.
Approach: We use the virtualization concept to

implement the parallelization. The relationship of CPU time with respect to the degree of virtualization.
Significant results: We obtain significant

improvement in the parallel performance due to
•Adaptive overlapping of communication and
computation
•Better cache performance
Broader impact: Virtualization might be beneficial

in parallelization of other algorithms for moving–
boundary problems that require automatic load
balancing.
A paper is in progress.
500*500 Grid on 16 Processors 500*500 Grid on 32 Processors

Research objectives: Spacetime discontinuous Galerkin

methods nest local finite element solutions within an
advancing-front mesh generation algorithm. Thus, our
problem reduces to research on efficient patch-wise parallel
mesh generation algorithms.
Approach: Spacetime methods are set up in such a way

that they are easy to parallelize.
• The solution on each patch depends only on inflow element
data.
• The amount of data per patch is small, making it
inexpensive to send patch data to another processor.
A Fem framework is used to handle the parallel details at
runtime and to partition the space mesh.
Significant results: We have demonstrated scalable

parallel performance for problems without adaptive mesh
refinement on clusters of up to 64 processors with
efficiencies as high as 97%. A load-balancing
implementation for adaptive models is under development.
Broader impact: Adaptive mesh generation for time-

dependent problems is an important step in many scientific
applications. An efficient parallel algorithm that addresses
adaptive mesh generation with an integrated solution
procedure has the potential to benefit an extensive set of
applications.

Research Objective: Analysis and design

problems characterized by moving interfaces and
variable connectivity pose significant computational
challenges. Boundary tracking methods require
sophisticated meshing technologies and might
suffer from mesh tangling and numerical errors
associated with remeshing. We seek new methods
that circumvent these problems.
Approach: We are developing fictitious–domain

optimization methods that loosely couple implicit
geometry models with finite element response
models. We will use this technique to design two-
phase microstructures that deliver specified Design of microstructure to obtain specified properties
homogenized material properties. An implicit
geometry model describes the physical domain
boundaries and internal material interfaces. For
purposes of response analysis, we project the
geometry onto a fictitious- domain described by a
fixed finite element grid.

Significant results: No remeshing is required to accommodate

boundary and topological variations. Our method delivers
unambiguous optimal geometries that do not require post-
processing, and our formulation is suitable for adaptive
implementations.
Broader Impact: Our topology optimization method is

applicable to a broad range of design problems, ranging from
large–-scale civil engineering systems to micro and nanoscale
systems (e.g., MEMS, microfluidic devices and nanoscale
materials design). The numerical techniques are also
applicable to modelling microstructure evolution, including
topological changes due to nucleation and coarsening..
To illustrate our method, we show results for the shape

optimization of a transversely loaded cantilever beam; we
minimize compliance subject to a volume constraint. Some of the
holes in the initial design coalesce (in a process analogous to
coarsening in material microstructures) to produce the optimal
design configuration shown.

Research objective: A wide variety of wavelike physical phenomena are Linear

described by systems of hyperbolic partial differential equations. Spacetime Elastodynamics:
discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods developed at UIUC can be A rectangular plate
used to efficiently compute accurate solutions for many hyperbolic systems, with a crack is stressed
on two opposite sides.
given an appropriate unstructured mesh of the simulation domain in
The resulting shock
spacetime. We are developing efficient finite-element meshing algorithms to
wave travels through
meet the unique requirements of these new numerical methods. the plate and reflects
off the crack tip. (Only
Approach: Extending our earlier work on spacetime meshing, we develop a the upper right
new adaptive advancing-front mesh generation algorithm. Our algorithm quadrant of plate is
adds tetrahedral elements to an evolving unstructured mesh in small patches; simulated, with
the solution within each patch is computed as soon as the patch is created. symmetric boundary
By responding to numerical error estimates, our algorithm adapts the size conditions.) The
spacetime mesh
and shape of spacetime elements to local geometric and physical features of
computed by our
the solution.
algorithm, shown here
with time as the vertical
Significant results: The meshes generated by our algorithm effectively axis, accurately
resolve shocks and other interesting features of the solution, using smaller captures the passage
elements near these features and larger elements everywhere else. This of shear and pressure
adaptivity allows us to compute numerically accurate solutions several orders waves through the
of magnitude faster than using a fine mesh everywhere. plate.
Broader impact: Unlike standard mesh generation in space, meshing directly in spacetime presents unique
theoretical challenges that are solved and validated by experiments for linear and nonlinear systems. In
concert with new numerical methods, our meshing algorithms promise much more efficient and accurate
simulations for a wide variety of physical phenomena of interest to materials scientists and manufacturers.
Appeared at 20th Annual ACM Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG), June 2004.

Research Objectives: Physical simulations (e.g., by

finite element methods) typically produce piecewise
polynomial solution data, yet have traditionally been
displayed using piecewise linear representations. This
can result in misleading visualizations that seriously
mischaracterize the solution.
Approach: We have developed a technique for
producing pixel-exact renderings of FEM solutions by
exploiting the power of modern programmable graphics
processors (GPUs) to directly evaluate solution
polynomials in real time.
Significant Results: The resulting renderings are of
much higher fidelity than those produced by traditional Above:
systems. Spacetime finite element mesh
Broader Impact: Engineers performing the simulations Example shown at left:

can clearly see features of the solution that might Time steps from an elastodynamic
otherwise be obscured. Additionally, the lack of artifacts problem showing crack-tip wave
in the rendering makes it far easier to detect errors in the scattering within an elastic solid
subjected to shock loading. Both
solution itself. velocity magnitude (height) and strain
energy density (color) are shown.
Published in IEEE Visualization 2004 with graduate
student Y. Zhou, October 2004. Each time step corresponds to a planar
slice through the spacetime mesh
shown above.

Research objective: We study the action of shock waves on

composite materials with inclusions, as in solid-fuel rocket grains.
The need to resolve shock fronts and interfacial damage processes
between the matrix and the inclusions makes this a multiscale
simulation problem. Numerical simulations predict mechanical
response, including shock–induced dewetting of inclusions.
Approach: Adaptive spacetime discontinuous Galerkin methods
solve multiscale elastodynamics problems; a nonlinear cohesive
traction–separation law models the dewetting process.
Significant results: In a first high-resolution study of this problem,
we observe a complex history of dewetting and rewetting driven by
reflections and focusing of shocks between and within the
inclusions.
Broader impact: These studies provide new insights into the
complex behaviour of composite materials under shock loading.
These provide a foundation for understanding microstructural
damage mechanisms in composite systems and a necessary
foundation for modelling detonation in energetic materials.
Elastodynamic simulation of particle dewetting: An adaptive
Research Assistants: Reza Abedi, Morgan Hawker; Dept. of spacetime discontinuous Galerkin model simulates shock–
Theoretical & Applied Mechanics induced dewetting and rewetting of stiff inclusions. Height and
color fields depict velocity magnitude and strain-energy density.
Research Scientist: Karl Matousz, Center for Simulation of Reflections, surface waves and focusing effects within the
Advanced Rockets circular inclusions create a complex history of dewetting and
rewetting.

Center For Process Simulation and Design, University of Illinois

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Center For Process Simulation and Design, University of Illinois

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Center for Process Simulation and Design, University of Illinois

Robert B. Haber, Duane D. Johnson, and Jonathan A. Dantzig, NSF DMR-01-21695

Research objective: Scientists and engineers use hyperbolic

www.cpsd.uiuc.edu © Board of Trustees, University of Illinois

Research objective: Numerical dissipation in conventional finite

www.cpsd.uiuc.edu © Board of Trustees, University of Illinois

Significant Results: position

www.cpsd.uiuc.edu © Board of Trustees, University of Illinois

Approach: We use the virtualization concept to

Significant results: We obtain significant

Broader impact: Virtualization might be beneficial

www.cpsd.uiuc.edu © Board of Trustees, University of Illinois

Research objectives: Spacetime discontinuous Galerkin

Approach: Spacetime methods are set up in such a way

Significant results: We have demonstrated scalable

Broader impact: Adaptive mesh generation for time-

www.cpsd.uiuc.edu © Board of Trustees, University of Illinois

Research Objective: Analysis and design

Approach: We are developing fictitious–domain

www.cpsd.uiuc.edu © Board of Trustees, University of Illinois

Significant results: No remeshing is required to accommodate

Broader Impact: Our topology optimization method is

To illustrate our method, we show results for the shape

www.cpsd.uiuc.edu © Board of Trustees, University of Illinois

Research objective: A wide variety of wavelike physical phenomena are Linear

www.cpsd.uiuc.edu © Board of Trustees, University of Illinois

Research Objectives: Physical simulations (e.g., by

Broader Impact: Engineers performing the simulations Example shown at left:

www.cpsd.uiuc.edu © Board of Trustees, University of Illinois

Research objective: We study the action of shock waves on

www.cpsd.uiuc.edu © Board of Trustees, University of Illinois

Вам также может понравиться