AR

MM
RA
H G
GIS
EL
PARTS OF SPEECH

AH! THE BLIND BEGGAR

FELL INTO A DEEP DITCH AND
HE WAS HURT BADLY
SENTENCE:
“SENTENE IS A GROUPOF WORDS WITH
PROPER MEANING.”

Ex: I am playing chess right now.

DIRECT SPEECH :
EXACT WORDS GIVEN BY THE SPEAKER KEPT IN INVERTED COMMAS.

EX: - HE SAID , “ I HAVE LOST MY PURSE”.

INDIRECT SPEECH :
JUST THE MEANING OF A REMARK OR SPEECH BY THE SPEAKER

EX: - HE SAID THAT HE HAD LOST HIS PURSE.

RULES WHILE CHANING
DS INTO IDS

REPORTING VERB IS CHANGED ACCORDING TO THE SENTENCE

CONJUNCTION IS USED TO JOIN REPORTING AND REPORTED SPEECH
AVOID PUNCTUATION MARKS
CHANGE THE PRONOUNS
CHANGE THE TENSE OF THE REPORTED SPEECH SENTENCE
CHANGE THE ADVERBS
 REPORTED SPEECH REAMAINS
UNCHANGED IN TENSE

WHEN THE REPORTING VERB IS IN SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

( HE SAYS TO ME)
WHEN THE REPORTING VERB IS IN PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
( HE HAS SAID TO ME)
WHEN THE REPORTING VERB IS IN SIMPLE FUTURE
( HE WILL SAY TO ME)
WHEN THE SENTENCE IN REPORTED SPEECH IS UNIVERSAL TRUTH AND
HABITUAL ACTION. ( “ THE SUN RISES IN THE EAST”)
 CHANGES OF WORDS
 NOW – THEN  NOW – THEN
 HERE- THERE  HERE- THERE
 TODAY- THAT DAY  TODAY- THAT DAY
 AGO – BEFORE  AGO – BEFORE
 MUST – HAD TO  MUST – HAD TO
 IS AM – WASARE – WERE  IS AM – WAS
 TOMORROW – THE NEXT  ARE – WERE
DAY  TOMORROW – THE NEXT
 NEXT DAY – THE DAY
FOLLOWING DAY  NEXT DAY – THE
 NEED – HAD TO FOLLOWING DAY
 NEED – HAD TO
CHANGES IN REPORTING
VERB
ASSERTIVE

SAID TO – TOLD
SAID – SAID
SAY TO – TELL
SAYS TO – TELLS
SAY – SAY
SAYS – SAYS
TOLD - TOLD
CHANGES IN REPORTING
VERB
IMPERATIVE

SAID TO = REQUSTED, ORDERED,

ADVISED,BEGGED , PRAYED.

LET = SUGGESTED, PROPOSED ,

 CHANGES IN REPORSTING
VERB
INTERROGATIVE
SAID TO = ASKED , ENQUIRED
 CHANGES IN REPORTING
VERB
EXCLAMATORY

SAID TO – EXCALAIMED,
LAMENTED,
WISHED,
GREETED,
PRAYED .
 CHANGES IN
CONJUNCTIONS
 ASSERTIVE = THAT

 INTERROGATIVE
 ‘WH’ QUESTION = NO CONJUNCTION
 ( INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS LIKE ‘WH’PRONOUNS GIVEN )
 YES/ NO TYPE QUESTIONS = IF / WHETHER

 IMPERATIVE = NO CONJUNCTION ( TO –INFINTIVE )

 LET = THAT + SHOULD

 EXCLAMATORY = THAT
 CHANGE THEM INTO
REPORTED SPEECH
She said , “ I will go tomorrow”.
He says, “ Where does she live?”
He said to me , “ why did you come late?”
She said to them, “ Can you solve this problem?”
Gopal said , “ Alas ! I am ruined”.
He said to me , “ Please be quiet”.
The teacher said to them, “ Get out of the class”.
He said , “ How beautiful the scenery is!”
He said to them, “ Let us go for a walk”.