ELECTRICAL

COMPONENTS

By: Ana Maryana

CIRCUIT COMPONENTS
 Resistors

A Resistor is a electrical
component with the primary
L
function to limit the flow of
A
electric current.

• The Longer the conductor, the greater the resistance

• The larger the cross-sectional area of the conductor, the less
resistant it has to charge flow
• Some material are better conductors than others. The general
measure of the resistance of a substance its called the
resistivity. Resistivity has units Ω.m
 Types Of Resistor
Types Pictures Symbols

Fixed Resistor

Potentiometer
Variable
Resistor
Rheostat

Thermistor
Depends on
physical
quantities LDR
(Light Dependent
Resistor)
 Transducers
• A transducers is a device which transform a non-
electrical physical into an electrical quantitiy or
vice versa.
• Example of transducers are burglar alarm, speaker,
etc.

Controller or Output Device

Input Device
system

Light Sensor Circuit

 Capacitors
• Capacitors is a component used in circuit to store
energy.
 Relays
• A relay may also be called an “electromagnetic switch”
• Relays use a “low amperage circuit” to control a “high
amperage circuit”
• The low amperage circuit controls an electromagnetic device
• The electromagnetic device “closes/opens” the high amperage
circuit
 DIODES
• The diode is a special device that allows the
current to pass only in one direction.
• Diodes can be used to change alternating
current (a.c.) to direct current (d.c.). This
process is called rectification and diodes that
do that is called rectifier.
 Transistors
• Transistors are used for very fast switching and
amplifying signals. Most are made from specially
treated crystals of silicon.
• Normally transistors have three wires coming out of
it. They called emitter, base and collector.
 Transformers
• An A.C. device used to change high voltage low
current A.C. into low voltage high current A.C.
and vice-versa without changing the frequency
Step Up Transformer &
Step Down Transformer -
Generally used for
stepping up and down the
voltage level of power in
transmission and
distribution power system
network.
 Fuse
• An electrical fuse is a simple device
used to interrupt an electrical circuit
during over current condition due to short
circuit and/or overload.
• An electrical fuseoperates on the
principle of heating effect
of electric current.