Vector of Dengue Hemarrhagic Fever

Aedes aegypti
Aedes albopictus
-

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Aedes

 Belongs to Family Culicidae ; sub family

Culicine
 is the most important transmitter or
vector of dengue viruses
 the virus will require 8-12 days
incubation before it can then be
transmitted to another human

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Geographic Distribution of Aedes aegypti

Source: www.austincc.edu
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 Morphology

haltere

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Source: www.cdc.gov
 Ae.aegypti Ae.albopictus

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Life Cycle

The entire life cycle lasts 8-10 days at room temperature,

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Breeding places
 Female lays her eggs inside a container
just above the water line ; produce ± 100 -
200 eggs per batch
 use natural locations or habitats (for
example treeholes and plant axils) and
artificial containers with water to lay their
eggs.
 Their eggs can withstand desiccation for
several months.
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Feeding habits
 The male mosquitoes feed only on plant
juices
 Only adult females that bite man and
animals, so she can develop eggs.
 Day biters : peak hours : 8.00 – 10
.00 and 15.00 – 17.00
Host specificity : prefers biting people
, but also bites dogs, domestic
animals
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The length of life
 The adult life span can range from two
weeks to a month depending on
environmental conditions :
• temperature,
• humidity,
• sex of the mosquito
 males live about a week; and females
live about a month
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The flight habits of mosquitoes
 most female Ae. aegypti may
spend their lifetime in or around the
houses
 >> remain within 100 metres of
where they emerged,usually fly ± of
400 metres (WHO,2009).

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 Wind is a factor which influence in the
dispersal or migration of mosquitoes.

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 Ae.aegypti
 Lyre- shaped dorsal
pattern
 Occupies urban areas with
or without vegetation
 Main dengue vector
worldwide
 Bites, rests, and lays eggs
both indoors and outdoors
 High preference for taking
blood meals from humans
and to lesser extent from
domestic mammals
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Ae.albopictus
 single longitudinal silvery
dorsal stripe
 Associated with arboreal
vegetation
 mostly a secondary
vector ( main vector only
in some areas)
 Mostly an outdoor
(garden) mosquito
 Bites humans but also a
variety of available
domestic and wild
vertebrates that do not
carry the dengue viruses
,
 Ae.aegypti Ae.albopictus

 Sneaky biters  Agressive biters

 Breeding places:  Utilizes water-filled
Most containers with containers around or
water within or in further away from
close proximity to households
households

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Vectorial capacity
 Factors that influence vectorial capacity:
 feeding habits (anthrophilic vs
zoophilic)
 life expectancy of the mosquito

 Vector density

 Number of bites per person per day

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Control of Ae. aegypti
 WHO : Integrated Vector Management
(IVM) to control mosquito vectors
 The ultimate goal is to prevent the
transmission of vector-borne diseases
 Vector transmission is reduced through
the use or combination of :
 Environmental management, Chemical
control, Biological control
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Control of Ae. Aegypti : environmental
management
 Is mainly achieved by eliminating
container habitats for laying or deposit
their eggs management of
“essential” containers ( PSN )
 reduce human–vector contact:
 installing mosquito screening on windows,
doors
 using mosquito nets while sleeping during
daytime.
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Chemical Control

 Larvicides
should be restricted to containers

that cannot otherwise be eliminated
or managed
 Adulticides
 are intended to impact on mosquito
densities, longevity and other transmission
parameters.
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Biological control

 Against Aedes, a selection of

larvivorous fish species and predatory
copepods (small freshwater
crustaceans)

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Vector surveillance (WHO, 2015):
Larva surveys
 House index (HI) :
percentage of houses positive for larvae
or pupae

 Breteau index (BI):

number of positive containers per 100
houses) ; have become the most widely
used index
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Vector surveillance :

 Container index ( CI) :

percentage of water-holding containers
infested with larvae or pupae

Pupae surveys:
 Pupa index (PI): number of pupae per
100 houses inspected.
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 Adult surveys:
 Estimating adult population density
using ovitraps, human landing
collections or any similar traps.

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