Artificial Intelligence

and Kemerut
 Introduction to
Artificial Intelligence
 What is
Artificial?
• Made or produced by human beings
rather than occurring naturally,
typically as a copy of something
Natural.

• Not existing naturally.

 What is
Intelligence?
• Intelligence is the ability to learn about,
to learn from, to understand about, to
interact with one’s environment.

• The ability to acquire and apply

knowledge and skills.
 What is
Artificial Intelligence?
According to the father
of Artificial Intelligence
John McCarthy (1955):
• it is “The science and
engineering of making
intelligent machines,
especially intelligent
computer programs”.
 What is
Artficial Intelligence?
Artificial Intelligence is a way of:
• making a computer, a computer-
controlled robot

• or a software think intelligently, in the

similar manner the intelligent humans
think.
 Tools of AI

• Search and optimization.

• Logic.
• Probabilistic methods of uncertain reasoning.
• Classifiers and statistical learning methods.
• Neural networks
• Control Theory.
• Languages
• Evaluating progress.
 History of AI

• The term artificial intelligence was first coined

by John McCarthy in 1956 when he held the
first academic conference on the subject.

• In Vannevar Bush’s seminal work As We May

Think [Bush45] he proposed a system which
amplifies people’s own knowledge and
understanding.
 History of AI

• Five years later Alan Turing wrote a paper on

the notion of machines being able to simulate
human beings and the ability to do intelligent
things, such as play Chess [Turing50].
 Goals of AI

• To Create Expert Systems: The systems

which exhibit intelligent behavior, learn,
demonstrate, explain, and advice its users.

• To Implement Human Intelligence in

Machines: Creating systems that
understand, think, learn, and behave like
humans.
 What contributes
to AI?
• Search and optimization.
• Logic.
• Probabilistic methods of uncertain reasoning.
• Classifiers and statistical learning methods.
• Neural networks
• Control Theory.
• Languages
• Evaluating progress.
 Challenges

• Computing Power

• Tolerance Power

• Intuitive Thinking

• Judging Power
AI and the FUTURE of
Humankind
 PROS
• Precision and Accuracy
• Space exploration
• Used for mining process
• Can do laborious tasks
• Fraud detection, manage records.
• Lacking the emotional side.
• Can do repetitive and time-consuming tasks
• Robotic pets, Robotic radiosurgery
 CONS
• Cost incurred in the maintenance and repair
• Not able to act any different
• Lack the human touch
• Lack a creative mind
• Lack common sense
• Unemployment
• Abilities of humans may diminish
• Robots superseding humans
• Human may became dependent on machines
• Wrong hands causes destruction
 Challenges

• Computing Power

• Tolerance Power

• Intuitive Thinking

• Judging Power
 AI Issues

• AI is developing with such an incredible

speed, sometimes it seems magical.

• Humans developed AI systems by introducing

into them every possible intelligence they
could, for which the humans themselves now
seem threatened.
 AI Issues

Threat to Privacy
• An AI program that recognizes speech and
understands natural language is theoretically
capable of understanding each conversation
on e-mails and telephones.

Threat to Human Dignity

• AI systems have already started replacing the
human beings in few industries.
 AI Issues

Threat to Safety
• The self-improving AI systems can become
so mighty than humans that could be very
difficult to stop from achieving their goals,
which may lead to unintended consequences.
The History of
Game Consoles

1967
• Ralph Baer
colleagues
design the first
video games
console.
The History of
Game Consoles

1972
• The first
commercial video
game console, the
Magnavox
Odyssey is
released.
The History of
Game Consoles

1975
• Atari has its first
hit with arcade game
Pong.
The History of
Game Consoles

1977
• Atari begins work
on cartridge-based
console “Stella”
eventually the Atari
AVS.
The History of
Game Consoles

1983
• Nintendo
Entertainment
System launched
in Japan despite
game console
dump.
The History of
Game Consoles

1980-1991
• Game and Watch
(G&W) line
handheld
electronic games
produced by
Nintendo.
The History of
Game Consoles

1983
• Sega Master
system achieves
worldwide
success.
The History of
Game Consoles

1995
• Sony launches
PlayStation, the
most popular 32-
bit console.
The History of
Game Consoles

2000
• PlayStation 2, is
released. The first
128-bit system.,
with integrated
DVD player.
The History of
Game Consoles

2001
• Microsoft’s Xbox
enters the game
console market
using PC
technology,
The History of
Game Consoles

2006
• Nintendo Wii is
launched, creating
a whole new
gaming audience.
The History of
Game Consoles

2016
• Next was a shift to
a mobile gaming
using augmented
reality, like
‘Pokemon Go’.
The History of
Game Consoles

2016
• This was the
breakout year for
virtual reality
headsets.
The History of
Game Consoles

2016
• And with additions
such as ‘eye
tracking’, were
stepping deeper
into the virtual
world.
 Conclusion

• Finally, we can say that the Artificial Intelligence

(AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch
of Computer Science that aims to create it. AI
textbooks define the field as “The study and Design
of Intelligent Agents” where an intelligent agent is a
system that perceives it’s environment and takes
actions that maximize the chances of its success.
John Mccarthy, who coined the term in 1955,
defines it as “The Science and Engineering of
making intelligent Machines”