Basic Oil

The Regimes of Lubrication

• Fluid Film Lubrication  as stated, lubrication occurs by
making/maintaning fluid lubricant film
Hydrostatic lubrication : when external forces is exerted into the
lubricant, to maintain the fluid lubricant film, or otherwhise it
squeezed out
Hydrodynamic lubrication : where motion of 2 surfaces & design
of the bearing is used to pump the lubricant around the bearing
and maintaining lubrication film

• Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication  near the same as

hydrodynamic lubrication, pressurize area can create a parallel
gap, same as the location where the fulid injected. Surface are
doformed (elastically) on pressurize area. Used in rolling
element bearing lubrication, gears, cam-follower (where non-
conformal contact happened)
The Regimes of Lubrication Cont’d
• Boundary Lubrication 
Viscosity
• Dynamic (absolute) visc
Measure of internal resistance in fluid

• Kinematic visc
Rasio absolute visc to density, measured by the time it takes of
specific volume of oil to flow in special tube (capilary tube)
What cause visc changes?
Load
Temperature Pressure Carrying

Decrease if : Increase if :
1. Adding lower visc fluid to the 1. Decreasing in oil
oil
temperature
2. Adding solvent / fuel
3. Loss / degradation of VI 2. Exposure to high pressure
improver regimes
4. Exposure to high heat
(causing oil molecules to
break into smaller molecules)
5. The oil pressure become
lower than the operating
condition
Multi grade oil
What is VI improver?
• Used on multi-grade oil (ex : 10W-30)
• One kind of oil additives. The higher VI improver, the smaller
changes in visc. with respect to changes in temperature
• VI improver can sheer down / break apart and cause drop in oil
viscosity
• VI improver degradation mostly caused by exposure to high heat

How does it works??

• By manipulating polymer’s “chain”
• Analogy : by adding VI improver  imagine crowd of people.
in cold, they tend to pull their arm close to their body
(decreasing visc). in hot, they tend to sprawl out (increasing
visc).  this would reduces the relative changes in oil visc as
the temperature changes
Oil Additive
• Anti freeze
• Vi improver
• Anti wear
How Frequent Does The Oil Changed???
Based on :
• Fluid Environment Severity
High dust, high loads/pressure/speed, high temp
• Machine Failure Probability (Bathub curve)
if failure prob increase then sampling rate should
increase also
• Impact on economic issues if machine fail
• Fluid age factors
The more age of lubricants, the more sampling should be
done
• How tight is the target margin
Usually on cleanliness of the oil, if the change from new
oil to maximum limit isn’t far, then the sampling should be
more frequent