Networking

Type of networks
Networking devices
Topology
Types of topology
OSI model
 What is networks?
 A collection of network devices
that are connected in various
ways in order to communicate
and share resources.
 The connections between
computer in a network are made
using physical wires, cables or
wirelessly.
Based on the size and the
coverage area, networks are
categorized into the
following types:
Local area networks(LANs)
Metropolitan area
networks(MANs)
Wide area networks(WANs)
 Network in limited geographical area such
as home or office building.
 LAN covers a small regions of space.
 It is used to computing devices of a
building or a campus.
 The range of LAN is 0-1km.
 Example on LAN:
Two or more computer connected in a
building or small office or a internet
café.
A metropolitan area network is a
data network intended to serve an
area approximately that of large
city.
 Such networks are being
implemented by techniques like
running fibre cables through
subway tunnel
 The range of MAN is 2-50km.
 Example of MAN:
network covering the city.
 The wide area network is a
communication network that makes use
of existing technology to connect
local computer networks into large
networks that may cover both
national and international
locations.
 The range of WAN is more then 50km.
 Example of WAN :
Internet
 Networking devices are components
used to connect computer or other
electronic devices.
 Example: hub, switch, etc
Devices used to setup in local area
network(LAN).so that all people
access easily.
 Networking devices are also called
communicating devices.
NIC(network interface card)
Repeater
Switch
Bridge
Modem
Router
 NIC provides the physical interface
between computer and cabling.
 It has specific MAC address (48bit).
 It prepares data, sends data, and
control the flow of data.
 It can also receive and translate
data into bytes for CPU to
understand.
A repeater is an electronic
devices that receives a weak or
low-level signal and
retransmits it.
 It connects two segments of the
same network.
 It is work on Physical layer of
OSI model.
 A repeater is a regenerator.
A switch is a computer networking
device that connects network
segments.
 Populates MAC address table on the
basis of source MAC address.
 It works on data link layer or
layer 2 device.
 It forwards the packet to the
specific port or computer for
which it is addressed.
A bridge is a product that
connects two network which are
using same protocols at
physical layer or data link
layer.
 Modems are most frequently used to
enable computer to communicate with
each other across telephone lines.
 Stands for modulation and
demodulation.
 Converts digital signal to analog
signal.
 It is required to complete a
connection to the internet.
 Router are highly intelligent
devices that connect multiple
network type and the best path for
sending data.
 Router are normally used to connect
one LAN to another.
 Router are work in network layer of
OSI model
 Use IP address in packet.
 Network topology is the
arrangement of the various
elements(links, nodes, etc.) of
a communication network.
 It is a logical to physical
structure of a network.
Bus topology
Star topology
Ring topology
Mesh topology
In this topology all system
connection with a single
wire that is called
backbone.
It is easy to configure and
trouble shoot.
It main wires fails then
whole network will be
disturbed.
In this topology all systems
are connected device like
switch.
It is also easy to configure
and troubleshoot.
If central devices is fails
then whole network will be
disturbed.
In this topology, all
systems are connected in
a ring like structure.
Data flow only one
direction.
If one PC fails then it
affects the entire
network.
In this topology, all nodes
are connected with each
other.
This topology is more
stable.
It is complex to configure
and troubleshoot.
 Topology are essence of computer networks
design.
 Every communication device is equal
importance to help you find the best
option for network requirements.
 A network is a group of resources and
devices that can be linked to each other
and shared with in the group.
 Network are interconnected to all
communication through a variety of
twisted-pair, coaxial cable, etc.
THANK YOU