2017-18

Physics Investigatory Project

Priyanshi Dixit
KV Greater Noida
Kendriya Vidyalaya Greater Noida

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
 CERTIFICATE

 THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT PRIYANSHI DIXIT ,A STUDENT OF CLASS XII –A HAS SUCCESSFULLY
COMPLETED THE RESEARCH ON THE BELOW MENTIONED PROJECT UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
MR. SHER SINGH (SUBJECT TEACHER)DURING THE YEAR 2017-18 PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
PHYSICS PRACTICAL EXAMINATION CONDUCTED BY AISSCE .NEW DELHI

 SIGNATURE OF EXTERNAL EXAMINER SIGNATURE OF TEACHER

Index

 Introduction
 Objective
 Theory
 Construction
 Working
 Bibulation
 A LINE FOLLOWING ROBOTIC CAR WORKS ON THE PRINCIPLE OF LIGHT SENCER(INFRA RED )
CONNECTED WITH THE MOTOR DRIVER WHICH IS FURTHER CONNECTED TO A MOTOR.
 A LIGHT SENCER IS A CIRCUIT COMPRISES OF A PHOTO DIODE AND INFRA RED LED THE IR LED
ACTS AS A RECIVER AND PHOTO DIODE ACTS AS A TRANSMITTER IT HAVE SMALL RESISTANCE
AND A TRANSISTOR EITH IC(INTEGRATED CIRCUIT)
 THE POWER SUPPLY BATTERY HAS VOLTAGE 7.4 VOLTS AND CAPACITY 20000 mh
 THERE IS A SINGLE ACTION ON OFF SWITCH
 MOTOR DRIVER CIRCUIT COMPRISES OF AN IC ,CIRCUIT DRIVES TWO MOTOR AND HAVE
SMALL RESISTANCE
 THE LED IN THE CIRCUIT INDICATES THE PRESENCE OF CURRENT IN THE CIRCUIT
 TO EXAMINE THE MIXED FUNCTIONING OF THE THREE CIRCUIT
 OBSERVE THE WORKING OF PHOTO DIODE AND IR LED AND A LIGHT SENSOR
 TO CONSTRUCT A ROBOTIC GUIDED VEHICLE WITHOUT MANUAL INTERVENSION
 CIRCUIT 1 :-
 IR SENSOR :: CAR HAVE TWO IR SENSOR EACH HAVE THREE RESISTANCE ONE
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT ONE TRANSISTOR ONE LED TO DETECT CURRENT THREE
CONNECTION PINONE PHOTO DIODE ONE IR LED THE CIRCUIT ACTS AS A
TRANSMITTOR AND A RECIVER THE SENSOR FOLLOWES THE BLACK LINE….
 ACTUALLY THE SENSOR SWITCHES OFF ON DECTETING THE DARK COLOUR AND
SWITCHES ON WHEN LIGHT IS DETECTED
 CIRCUIT 2 :-
 THERE IS A SINGLE MOTOR DRIVER WITH SINGLE RESISTANCE AND ONE
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT AND THREE OUTPUT PINS IT IS CONNECTED WITH TWO
MOTORS WHICH OPERATES ON LIGHT SENSOR WHEN IT IS OFF THE MOTOR OF
THAT SIDE SWITCHES OFF AND THKE A TURN THE LED GLOW ONLY WHEN THE
CIRCUIT HAVE CURRENT
 CIRCUIT 3 :-
 THE BATTERY OF CAPACITY 2000mh AND VOLTAGE 7.4 CONNECTED WITH THE
SWITCH OFF/ON.
Robot
 Theelectro-mechanical device or machine used for
various purposes and are controlled and operated
with the help of programming techniques is called a
robot . The robot of various types based on their
application such as industrial robot ,military robot ,
space robot , domestic robot , walking robot ,
climbing robot and so on . The most advanced
robotic project are being developed for effectively
using in various fields for several application .
Line following vehicle

 the robotic vehicle which moves by following a specific path or line can be
termed as a line follower robot. These line follower robots are specially used
in industrial applications for special purposes such as transporting various
parts or machinery or vehicles (cars, bikes, etc.,) by following the specific
line from one point (generating unit) to another point (assembling unit).
Step 1: gather all components

 The components required for designing line following robotic vehicle with
walking and climbing mechanism are to be estimated based on robot
application. Gather all the electrical and electronic components such as
resistors, capacitors, IR transmitters, DC motors, transistors, robot body and
photo diodes with appropriate ratings along with other parts such as
cardboard, bolts, nuts, aluminum strips, etc., as per requirement
Step2: Analyzing the Circuit for Line
Follower Robot
 Primarily design a block diagram of project circuit with various blocks such as
a power supply block, IR LED & photo diode block and so on. After gathering
components, analyze the circuit design based on working various components
used. Then place the components over a solderless breadboard as per circuit
diagram using connecting wires for testing the circuit working before
assembling circuit on the PCB. By testing the circuit over solderless
breadboard if any changes required in the circuit or ratings of the
components, then alternations can be done easily without wasting money &
time for replacing components or to alter circuit design.
Step 3: Working of Line Follower Robot
 The IR transmitter and photo diode are used as a photo sensor pair which can
be used for detecting the specified path for the movement of line follower
robot while walking & climbing walls. The photo sensor pair gives appropriate
signals to switch the transistors for driving the motors of line follower robot.
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