Phased Arrays

Phased array

To accomplish beam steering

without mechanical movement of
the antenna
Adaptive Phased Array Antenna
• Antenna array with a digital signal
processing capability to transmit and
receive in an adaptive and spatially
sensitive manner.

“Smart” >> digital signal processing facility

USAGE
Applications to:
• Cellular And Wireless Networks
• Radar
• Electronic Warfare (EWF) As A
Countermeasure To Electronic
Jamming
• Satellite Systems
Advantages
 Higher Capacity
 Higher Coverage
 Higher bit rate
 Improved link quality
 Spectral efficiency
 Mobility
Elements of a Smart Antenna

 Number Of Radiating Elements

 A Combining/Dividing Network

 Control Unit
Aim :
• to maximize the antenna gain in
the desired direction
• to minimize the gain in directions
of interferers
 Types of SA

Switched
SDMA Phased array CDMA Adaptive array
lobe (SL)

Spatial Polarization Angle

 Types Of Phased Array

1.Frequency scanning Array

2.Retro Array
3.Adaptive Array
Frequency Scanning Array
Retro- Van Atta Array
Adaptive Array
 WHY SMART ANTENNA ARRAYS ARE
SUPERIOR TO CONVENTIONAL ANTENNAS

Desired
Active User
Beam

Antenna Interfering
Array User
Antenna
Array

Switched Beam System Adaptive Array

Interference Rejection Comparison

Desired Signals
Co-channel Interfering Signals
Cell phone tower with
sector and Omni antennas.
Small dishes link tower to
cell phone HQ and other
towers.

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Cell phone tower with sector antennas
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A/N SPY-1 phased array radar antenna

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 A/N SPY-1
phased array radar antenna

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Phased array using slotted elements
Flat panel is scanned mechanically

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 Comparison of Switched Beam Antenna
Adaptive Arrays
Criteria Switched Beam Adaptive Array
Integration • Easy to implement • Transceiver complexity
• Low cost • High cost
• Less hardware
redundancy
Range/ • More coverage compared More coverage compared
Coverage to conventional systems to switched beam system
• Less coverage compared to
adaptive array
Interference • Difficulty in distinguishing • Focusing is narrower
Rejection between desired signal and • Capable of nulling
interferer interfering signals
• Does not react to the
movement of interferers.