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reduction in
all-cause
mortality
reduction in reduction in
relative risk relative risk of
CV morbidity stroke
• Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockers
• Beta blockers
• Calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
Pharmacological • Diuretics
treatment • Alpha blockers
• Aldosterone antagonists
• Combination therapy
ACEIs ARB
Reduce overall CV risk, overt nephropathy, ++
renal failure and retinopathy among non-
hypertensive diabetics
lowering BP and preventing nephropathy or ++
retinopathy in diabetic patients
preventing all-cause mortality and CV ++
morbidity and mortality
Prevention of stroke ++
prevention of CV ++ ++
outcomes in hypertensive diabetics
preventing progression of kidney disease in ++ ++
diabetic patients with early nephropathy
Diuretics
Aldosterone antagonists
Combination therapy
1. Glucagon-like-polypeptide 1 analogues
2. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors
3. Sodium-glucose- transporter 2 (SGLT2)
inhibitors