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Seminar on

MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION:
A Promising Substitute for Vapour
Compression System
Guided by : Dr. M Jose Prakash
HOD, Mechanical Department
TKMCE
Presented by : Aswin Jai Manikrishna V K
8338
M8 A
INTRODUCTION
• Magnetic refrigeration is a method of
refrigeration based on the magneto caloric
effect.
• The refrigerant is often a paramagnetic salt,
such as cerium magnesium nitrate
• It does not emit any CFC or HCFC compound
hence it never affects our environment
specially ozone layer
EARLY HISTORY
• Magneto caloric effect was discovered in pure iron in 1881
by E Warburg
• Debye (1926) and Giauque (1927) proposed a improved
technique of cooling via adiabatic demagnetization
independently
• The cooling technology was first demonstrated
experimentally in 1933 by chemist Nobel Laureate William
F Giauque and his colleague Dr. P MacDougall for cryogenic
purposes
• In 1997, Prof. Karl A Gscheidner, Jr by the Lowa State
University at Ames laboratory demonstrated the first near
room temperature proof of concept magnetic refrigerant
CONSTRUCTION
1. Magnets
2. Hot Heat Exchanger
3. Cold Heat
Exchanger
4. Drive
5. Magneto caloric
Wheel
6. Magnetic
Refrigerant.
WORKING OF MR
• Working Principle:
Magneto caloric effect
• Methods
1. Paramagnetic Salts
2. Nuclear
demagnetization
3. AMRR
REFRIGERATION CYCLE
THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE
1. Adiabatic
magnetization
2. Isomagnetic
enthalpic transfer
3. Adiabatic
demagnetization
4. Isomagnetic
entropic transfer
ROOM TEMPERATURE COOLING
• The first was a newly
designed permanent magnet
created by Ames Lab
researchers David Jiles and
Seong-Jae Lee, along with
Pecharsky and Gschneidner
• The Ames Lab team
incorporated their
groundbreaking magnet and
gadolinium alloy into a
prototype device, developed
in collaboration with
Astronautics Corporation of
America
REFRIGERANT MATERIALS
• Gd5Ge2Si2 type compounds
• La( Fe, Si)13 and related compounds
• MnAs based compounds
• Heusler Alloys
• Fe2P based compounds
SELECTION OF MAGNETS
• The strength of the magnetic field is important in
the utilization of the MCE in magnetic cooling
• The efficiency of magnetic cooling increases with
increasing field.
• The only practical magnetic field source for
household and transportation applications is the
high energy Nd2Fe14B permanent magnet
• The use of a superconducting magnet source is
the only practical way for large scale applications
OBSTACLES TO COMMERCIALISATION
• Magnetic refrigerants, which have a second order magnetic
transition, with better MCE properties than Gd would give a
big boost towards moving this technology to large scale
production of magnetic cooling devices
• The production of large quantities of the magnetic
refrigerant, tons per day at a reasonable cost is critical
• Permanent magnets which have higher magnetic strength
and lower costs will benefit the commercialization.
• The AMR thermodynamic cycle is considered to be the best
cooling cycle today for magnetic cooling/heating, but it is
possible by making some modifications it could be
improved.
APPLICATION
1. Magnetic household refrigeration appliances
2. Magnetic cooling and air conditioning in
buildings and houses
3. Central cooling system
4. Refrigeration in medicine
5. Cooling in food industry and storage
6. Cooling in transportation
7. Cooling of electronics
MERITS DEMERITS
• Environmental friendly • The initial investment is
• Low running and operating very high
cost • Availability of magneto
caloric material
• Higher efficiency
• Permanent magnets have
• Wide temperature span limited field strength
• Reliability • Temperature changes are
• Quite operation limited
• Compactness • Moving machines need high
precision
CONCLUSION
1. It is a technology that has proven to be environmentally safe.
2. In order to make the magnetic refrigerator commercially Viable,
scientists need to identify how to achieve larger temperature
changes with minimum stages and also permanent magnets that
can produce strong magnetic fields.
3. There are still some thermal and magnetic hysteresis problems
that need to be solved for the materials to be used for general
applications.
4. Magnetic materials available for room Temperature magnetic
refrigeration are mainly Gd, Gdsige alloys, mn as-like materials,
perovskite like Materials.
5. The simplicity of the design of the refrigeration operation makes
it even more desirable.
REFERENCE
1. IEEE Spectrum, Volume: 38, Issue: 11, Nov. 2001
2. Yash Kulkarni, “A review on Magnetic Refrigeration at
room temperature”, International Journal of Innovation in
Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol 4, Issue 12,
December 2015
3. Archana Ansolia, Dr. Manoj Arya, “Magnetic Refrigeration:
A promising substitute to vapour compression system”,
International Journal of Innovation in Engineering and
Technology
4. Sangkwon Jeong, “AMR (Active Magnetic Regenerative)
refrigeration for low temperature”, 5 April 2014.
5. http://www.ameslab.gov/files/MagFridge_Foundation.pdf
6. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic refrigeration
THANK YOU

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