ANALYTICAL

PLOTTERS
SGU 2452 FOTOGRAMETRI 2
 Introduction
• Development made possible by advances
in computer, digital encoder, and servo
systems.
• Combining computerised controls,
precision optical and mechanical
component.
• Enable exact math calculation to define
the nature of stereo model.
• Easily interfaced with CAD system for map
updating and editing
• Ideal for compiling data for use in GIS

SGU 2452 FOTOGRAMETRI 2

 Intro (cont)
• Essential capability of an Analytical Plotter
are:
a) to precisely measure x and y coords on
both photos
b) to accurately move to the defined x and y
photo locations.
• The computer control, digital encoders
provide the ability to measure,
servomotors allow the photograph to be
moved to the defined locations.

SGU 2452 FOTOGRAMETRI 2

 History
• The concept of AP was patented in 1957 by Dr. U.V.
Helava (Kanada).

• AP/C was the first AP manufactured in 1964. By 1976,

very little AP were produced. Mostly created for military
purposes.

• 1976, 7 AP were introduced at International Society of

Photogrammetry (ISP) Congress.

• 1980, few AP were introduced in the same congress.

Majority were introduced in 1976-1980.

• The price is very costly, but give excellent accuracy,

designed to replace the old stereo plotters.
SGU 2452 FOTOGRAMETRI 2
 Example of AP
1980 Digicart Officine Galileo
DSR 1 Kern
Aviolyt AC 1 Wild
SD4 Qasco

1982 Aviolyt DC 1 Wild

1984 DSR 11 Kern
AP/C 5 DM1

1985 onward
DSR 14 Kern
Planicomp P3 Zeiss
SGU 2452 FOTOGRAMETRI 2
 Advantages of
Analytical Plotter
• Great versatility
• Can handle any type of photography
(e.g.; vertical, tilted, low oblique,
and terrestrial photos).
• Can be used with various type of
satellite imagery
• Can accommodate photos from
different focal length
SGU 2452 FOTOGRAMETRI 2
 Advantages (cont.)
Superior accuracy than stereo plotter
because
• no projected light of mechanical or
space rod.
• can effectively correct any
systematic error from lens distortion,
film shrinkage and earth curvature.
• redundant obsn and the use of least
square adj.
SGU 2452 FOTOGRAMETRI 2
Analytical plotter orientation
• All three orientation are required (interior,
relative and absolute)
• Dialogue is maintained between operators and
instrument
• Computer direct the operator and give choice to
make decision
• Plotter must be calibrated, using precise grid
plate.
• Consist of flat piece of glass upon which an array
of crosses have been etched.
• Coordinate of these crosses are then measured
• Compare with actual grid coordinates of the
plate.
SGU 2452 FOTOGRAMETRI 2
 Modes of use of AP
• Vary only slightly with different instrument
• Can perform planimetric/topographic
mapping
• Trace out features and contours by
keeping the floating mark in contact with
each feature.
• Ground coordinates from the operator
control are directly transmitted to the CAD
computer for editing and DEM.

SGU 2452 FOTOGRAMETRI 2

 Mode (continue)
• can also be operated in profiling mode
• X, Y and Z measured along predetermined
lines in the model
• Location and directions can be input into
the computer and the machine will direct
the measuring mark to the corresponding
location.
• Use for various engineering project such
as earthwork along centrelines.

SGU 2452 FOTOGRAMETRI 2

 Modes (continue)
• Used in aerotriangulation usually by inbuilt
softwares.
• Independent model or simultaneous block
adjustment
• After aerotriangulation, parameter of
relative and absolute orientation are
known.
• Have reset capability of the above
parameter.
• Can also be used as mono or
stereocomparator

SGU 2452 FOTOGRAMETRI 2

 Digital Plotter
• Fully computerised systems (speed,
memory, storage, display, accurate,
high resolution scanner).
• Similar to AP except employed digital
imagery
• Can perform digital image processing
• Have become less expensive and
more versatile
SGU 2452 FOTOGRAMETRI 2
 Overview of digital plotter
• Main component: computer with high
resolution graphic.
• Capable of manipulating large digital images
and able to display L/R photo simultaneously.
• Ability to perform routine points
measurement by computer processing
without operator input.
• Other special: vector superimposition (line,
points etc.) are superimposed on digital
photo.
• The use of special goggles for stereo viewing
SGU 2452 FOTOGRAMETRI 2
 The end

• Thank you

SGU 2452 FOTOGRAMETRI 2