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Genes
The biochemical units of heredity that govern the
development of an individual life
Heredity is the passing on of physical or mental
characteristics genetically from one generation to
another.
How do we study and quantify
nature vs. nurture?
• Heritability
– A statistical estimate of the percentage of the
variability of a trait within a group that is
attributable to genetic factors.
Heritability
What does it mean when we say something is heritable?
O 1
100 % down to 100 %
environment down to
genes
Intelligence (50%)
Height (90%)
So 50% with respect to intelligence means that genetic
influence explains 50% of the observed variation among
people w.r.t. intelligence
Heritability means…
Each value only refers to the particular population studied
and its unique range of genetic and environmental factors
environment.
Those better suited are more likely to
_____________________________
Evolutionary Psychology
First three minutes give a
good overview
The human brain consists of neural
circuits that have developed to solve
problems that our ancestors faced during
our evolutionary history
Evolutionary Psychology
Reproduction is a key avenue of research and
explanation as evolutionary psychology seeks to
identify factors that maximized reproductive
success
Major tenets
Sexuality and the
Evolutionary Psychologist
WHY?
Sperm is Cheap
Cars kill many more people than spiders. So why are phobias
of spiders much more common than phobias of cars?
Evolution of phobia
X
Evolution of phobia
Evolution of phobia
Evolution of phobia
X
Evolution of phobia
X
Evolution of phobia
Evolution of phobia
X
X X X
You cannot experiment and those in this field begin with the
effect and work backwards to come up with an explanation
Criticisms of Evolutionary
Psychology
The Nature-Nurture Debates
Extreme biological position
Personality traits, physical characteristics, etc. are all
programmed or “hard-wired”
some influence of
genetic factors.
The Nature-Nurture Debates
sexuality
In the area of _________________, men and
women report different attitudes and behaviors,
with men, in general, expressing more interest in
sex.
Physical aggression
In the area of _____________________, men
generally are more physically aggressive
compared to women.
Cognitive Abilities males tend
In the area of _____________________,
to do better on tests of math and spatial abilities
and females typically score higher on tests of
verbal skills.
Gender: A Great
Divide?
Why Do These Differences Between
Men and Women Exist?