PRESENTED BY:

FESTIN, JOHN NAZARENE F.

GABA, RICHELLE G.
FLORES,
Composite construction is a generic term to describe any building construction
involving multiple dissimilar materials. Composite construction is often used in
building aircraft, watercraft, and building construction. There are several
reasons to use composite materials including increased strength, aesthetics, and
environmental sustainability.

A composite material (also called a composition material or shortened to

composite which is the common name) is a material made from two or more
constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical
properties that, when combined, produce a material with characteristics
different from the individual components. The individual components remain
separate and distinct within the finished structure. The new material may be
preferred for many reasons: common examples include materials which are
stronger, lighter, or less expensive when compared to traditional materials.
CONCRETE FIBERGLASS

PLYWOOD
The earliest man-made composite materials
were straw and mud combined to
form bricks for building construction. Ancient
brick-making was documented by Egyptian tomb
paintings.
Plywood 3400 BC by the Ancient Mesopotamians;
gluing wood at different angles gives better
properties than natural wood

Cartonnage layers of linen or papyrus soaked in

plaster dates to the First Intermediate Period of
Egypt c. 2181–2055 BC and was used for death
masks

Cob (material) Mud Bricks, or Mud Walls, (using

mud (clay) with straw or gravel as a binder) have
been used for thousands of years.
Concrete was described by Vitruvius, writing around
25 BC in his Ten Books on Architecture, distinguished
types of aggregate appropriate for the preparation
of lime mortars. For structural mortars, he
recommended pozzolana, which were volcanic sands
from the sandlike beds of Pozzuoli brownish-yellow-
gray in colour near Naples and reddish-brown
at Rome. Natural cement-stones, after burning,
produced cements used in concretes from post-
Roman times into the 20th century, with some
properties superior to manufactured Portland
cement.

Papier-mâché, a composite of paper and glue, has

been used for hundreds of years
The first artificial fibre reinforced
plastic was bakelite which dates to 1907,
although natural polymers such as shella
predate it.

One of the most common and familiar

composite is fiberglass, in which small glass
fiber are embedded within a polymeric
material (normally an epoxy or polyester).
The glass fiber is relatively strong and stiff
(but also brittle), whereas the polymer is
ductile (but also weak and flexible). Thus
the resulting fiberglass is relatively stiff,
strong, flexible, and ductile.
TYPES OF COMPOSITES
SYNTHETIC COMPOSITES
- Composite material made of artificially produced
material.
- Glass reinforced gypsum, thermoplastic composite
are some of the examples of synthetic composite
material.
- These composite materials are commonly used
nowadays.

NATURAL COMPOSITES
- Natural composites exists in both animals and
plants.
-Wood is a composite - it is made from long cellulose
fibers held together by a much weaker substance
called lignin.
HOW IT WAS MADE?
TWO PHASES OF COMPOSITE
TYPES OF COMPOSITES
LAMINAR COMPOSITE SANDWICH PANEL
 TRADITIONAL COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Mortars, concrete Reinforced plastics, such

as fiber-reinforced
polymer

Engineered woods

Metal composites Ceramic composites

(aluminum panels) (composite ceramic and
stone matrices)
COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Concrete is a mixture of cement and
aggregate, giving a robust, strong
material that is very widely used.
(particle reinforced)

Plywood is a sheet material

manufactured from thin layers or
"plies" of wood veneer that are
glued together with adjacent layers
having their wood grain rotated up
to 90 degrees to one another.
(structural composite-sandwich)
Fibre-reinforced polymers or FRPs
include carbon-fiber-reinforced
polymer or CFRP, and glass-reinforced
plastic or GRP. If classified by matrix then
there are thermoplastic
composites, short fiber
thermoplastics, long fibre
thermoplastics or long fibre-reinforced
thermoplastics(easily melt).

There are numerous materials that

undergo a chemical reaction
(cure) ) composites, including paper
composite panels. Many advanced
systems usually incorporate
aramid fibre and carbon fibre in an epoxy
resin matrix.
This is a type of advanced
composite group, which makes
use of rice husk, rice hull, and
plastic as ingredients. This
technology involves a method of
refining, blending, and
compounding natural fibers from
cellulosic waste streams to form a
high-strength fiber composite
material in a polymer matrix. The
designated waste or base raw
materials used in this instance are
those of waste thermoplastics
and various categories of
cellulosic waste including rice
husk and saw dust.
 High strain composites are another type of high-
performance composites that are designed to
perform in a high deformation setting and are
often used in deployable systems where structural
flexing is advantageous. Although high strain
composites exhibit many similarities to shape
memory polymers, their performance is generally
dependent on the fiber layout as opposed to the
SPRING STEEL SHEET resin content of the matrix.

ALUMINUMSHEET
FIBERGLASS AND KEVLAR LAMINATE

METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES (MMC)
Composites can also use metal fibres reinforcing
other metals, as in metal matrix
composites (MMC) or ceramic matrix
composites (CMC), which
includes bone(hydroxyapatite reinforced
with collagen fibres), cermet (ceramic and metal)
and concrete. Ceramic matrix composites are built
primarily for fracture toughness, not for strength.

CERMETS (CERAMIC AND METAL) CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES (CMC)

  Fiber cement board  Fiber glass reinforce
concrete

 Cork board
 Fiber woven textile
  Glass Fibre
Reinforced
Polyester

Composite crystallized glass

 Stone glass panel
Aluminum composite
panel
EXAMPLES OF COMPOSITE
STRUCTURE (MODERN)
 Heydar aliyev center Baku- Glass Fibre Reinforced
Concrete (GFRC) and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polyester
(GFRP) were chosen as ideal cladding materials.
 PODS & BESPOKE FURNITURE -GRP (glass reinforced
plastics/ fibre glass) is the material used for the fabrication
of the main gallery ‘pods’ serving as lighting elements,
shelves and tables and all f the bespoke furniture that
includes reception desk, bar, conference table and product
display shelves.
 Use of Alucobond Pvdf Aluminum Composite Panel
For Modern Building Project
WHY COMPOSITE STRUCTURE?
DISADVANTAGE OF COMPOSITE
Delamination - Since composites are often constructed of
different ply layers into a laminate structure, they can
"delaminate" between layers where they are weaker.

High Cost - They are a relatively new material, and as such have a
high cost.

Complex Fabrication - The fabrication process is usually labor

intensive and complex, which further increases cost.

Damage inspection - Delamination and cracks in composites are

mostly internal and hence require complicated inspection
techniques for detection.

Composite to metal joining - Metals expand and contract more on

variations in temperature as compared to composites. This may
cause an imbalance at joinery and may lead to failure.
OTHER APPLICATION OF COMPOSITES BESIDES
BUILDING AND COSTRUCTION
1. In automobile industries(e.g. Steel and
aluminum body)

2. Marine applications like shafts, hulls,

spars.

3. Aeronautical application like

components of rockets, aircrafts, missiles,
etc.

4. Communication antennae, electronic

circuit boards(e.g. PCB, breadboard)

5. Safety equipment like ballistic

protection and airbag of cars.