12 TH August 2016 Town Planning

URBAN FRINGES AND SUBURBS

BY : RAHMATH MM | RABEEHA IMRAHIMKUTTY
 What is URBAN FRINGE ???

▫ Urban fringe, sometimes also called "urban-rural fringe*," is

the area of land where town meets country.

▫ urban fringe is an area most often reserved for urban-

based people who wish to be closer to nature and for
industries that require large amounts of open land such as
airports and wind farms.

▫ The size and scope of a city's urban fringe are influenced

by the agricultural needs of the society, the amount of
available space, the proximity of other cities, and the
value of the land surrounding it.

*Fringe : defined as relation to the city and exists in agriculture hinterland (area around or beyond a major town) where land use is changing..
▫ Urban fringe of the modern city is a significant area
because it signifies both urban as well as rural
characteristics.
▫ This should not be treated as two distinct zones as the
city merges perceptibly into rural countryside by way of
mixed land uses.

Urban fringe is a marginal area both of town as well as

• In most of the western cities there is no break in its continuity which countryside. It can be better identified in terms of land uses
is strengthened by the journey to work. or modifications of land uses than in any other way.
• People using automobiles make their daily trips to perform their
jobs, from the rear end of a city to its central area where their
offices and economic institutions are generally located.

• In India also, the same job has been performed by other-side

population, i.e., by village people who travel daily to earn their
bread and come to neighbouring towns. But greatest is the role of
land uses which bind together town and village everywhere and
“there is the absence of clear break”
▫ the fringe is characterised by a wide variety of land use
including dormitory settlements housing middle-income
commuters who work in the main urban area.

▫ .Over time the characteristics of the fringe change from

largely rural to largely urban.

▫ Suburbanisation takes place at the urban boundary of

rural-urban fringe.

The nature of the rural-urban fringe is influenced by

▫ four main factors:

• agricultural policy,
• regional planning,
• urban economy
• agricultural economy
▫ Urban fringe of the modern city is a significant area
because it signifies both urban as well as rural
characteristics.
▫ This should not be treated as two distinct zones as the
city merges perceptibly into rural countryside by way of
mixed land uses.
 What are SUBURBS???

▫ A suburb is a residential district located on the outskirts of

a city.

▫ Suburb comes from Latin: sub means "below or near"

and urbis means "city.“

▫ Suburbs have more single-family homes than apartment

buildings, and living there, you are more likely to have a
yard with trees and grass.

TYPES OF SUBURBS

▫ We can divide the suburbs into two;

 Inner Suburbs/Inner City
 Outer Suburbs/Outer City
 INNER SUBURBS: TYPICAL CHARACTERISITICS
▫ Low density housing
▫ Semi-detached from streets
▫ Front & back gardens
▫ Curved road patterns & cul-de-sacs
▫ Houses often had driveways & bay windows
▫ Off road parking but few garages
▫ Local shopping parades
OUTER SUBURBS: TYPICAL CHARACTERISITICS
▫ Low density housing
▫ Housing built in estates
▫ Detached with front & back gardens
▫ Curved street patterns
▫ Expensive family housing
▫ Lots of green open spaces
▫ Parks, Schools, Leisure activities were present
 SUBURBS: ADVANTAGES
▫ Larger & better quality houses, garages built at
lower density
▫ Best performing schools are located in the
“outer rim”
▫ Less traffic congestion & pollution
▫ Closer to the country side
▫ Close enough to the Central Business District to
commute by car or train
SUBURBS: DISADVANTAGES
▫ Attendant dangers on road increasing the of
accidents
▫ Higher costs of journey to work
▫ High cost of housing
▫ Sense of community is diminished, as people
spend little time at home, separated by fences
& hedges
▫ Distance from CBD for shopping and
leisure/entertainment
 SUBURBANIZATION

▫ The increased movement of people/ services

and industries from the centres of inner urban
areas outowards, towards and onto the edges
of the built-up area.

SUBARBANIZATION : CAUSES

▫ Shift of jobs into service sector

▫ Cheaper land prices
▫ Less pollution
▫ Good accessibility
▫ Presence of green spaces
▫ Advancement in transport
▫ Communications development
▫ More room to expand
▫ No problems as of in the inner city; eg:Crime,
unemployment.etc
▫ http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/geography/rural-urban-fringe-concept-meaning-and-characteristics-and-other-
details/40076/

▫ http://www.geocases.co.uk/sample/urban1.htm