A meningoencephalocele is a herniation of the brain

and meninges beyond the normal confines of the skull.

The type of skull defect may be classified as occipital,
parietal, basal, and sincipital or frontoethmoidal.
Angka kejadian 1: 5,000-10,000 kelahiran di seluruh dunia

Rusia (86%).

Jawa Timur (Surabaya dan Malang)

(8,7%), Jawa Tengah (Solo, Yogya dan
Afrika Selatan (47%) Semarang) (6,1%).
Maroko di Afrika utara (39%).
 The persistence of attachment between neuroectoderm (neural network) and
ectoderm (epithelial layer) at the midline during organogenesis process at the
beginning of pregnancy, causing barrier of bone forming migration of
mesoderm cells in place of adhesion from two layers of ectoderm.
 Defects are usually soft and pulsatile. Bone
ME Interfrontal
defects are located between nasal and
bregma, may be single lesions or
accompanied by other abnormalities

Bone defects occur between os frontal and os

ME Nasofrontal
nasal, usually seen as a protruding mass in
the nasal. Extension to the nasal cavity may
result in nasal obstruction.

The mass extends inferolaterally through the

ME Orbita
frontal-etmoid junction to the nasal and
orbita, at the level from 1/3 middle of the
maxillary frontal processus.
 Occipalocele occipital, polidaktili, polycystic
Merckel Syndrome
kidney, holoprosencephaly, microoptalmia,
retinal dysplastic, anomaly of the heart, and
orofacial cleft
 Occurs due to amnionic tissues that occur
Amniotic-Band intrauterine and attached to the fetus, often on
Syndrome the extremities but can also affect the face and
cranium, encephalocele disorders that occur are
usually not symmetrical
Clemke’s Cryptothalmos Knobloch
Syndrome Syndrome Syndrome

Von Vos Syndrome Warfarin Syndrome

 CT Scan
 MRI
 The HULA procedure separates the
supraorbital region from the medial segment
of the medial cushion to allow for
independent movement.
 Surgical treatment is principally divided into 2
(a) a combination of extracranial procedures
with intracranial and (b) only extracranial
procedures.
 Complications that may occur are mental
retardation, epilepsy, ocular disorders,
dacryocystitis, superficial cellulitis, and
leakage of CSF.